Week 10: Physical Activity and Mental Health Flashcards
Mental health vs mental illness
-mental health: a state of well being
-mental illness: any health condition characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, behaviour, that is associated with any distress or impaired functioning
4 functions of physical activity in enhancing mental health
- physical activity may prevent mental illness
- exercise has been examined as a treatment or therapy for existing mental illness
- physical activity may improve the quality of life for people with chronic physical or mental health problems
- physical activity may improve the mental health of the public
Endorphin hypothesis
-important body chemical that explains the benefits of exercise
Neurotrophin hypothesis
-a chemical that plays an important role in various aspects of developmental and adult brain plasticity
Monoamine hypothesis
-increase in monoamines, which is a type of neurotransmitter involved in several mental disorders
Distraction hypothesis
-being distracted from a stressful stimuli
Self efficacy hypothesis
-feel better about themselves which can improve mental health
Process approach
-structure physical activity to support feelings of autonomy, competence, and social relatedness
Sedentary behaviour is associated with what
-negative cognitive function
Guideline
-150 min of moderate to vigorous activity per week
Normative discontent
-concept that most people experience body dissatisfaction
Authentic pride vs hubristic pride
-authentic: focused on achievement and behaviour (i feel proud i have been working out)
-hubristic: focused on grandiose attributes of the self (i am better looking than everyone here)
Dimensions of body image
-perceptual: mental representation or reflections that an individual has of his or her body appearance and function
-cognitive: reflects an individuals thoughts, beliefs and evaluations of their body appearance and function
-behavioural: the actions and choices people take based on the perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and cognitions they have about their body size, shape, weight and function
Tripartite influence model of body image
-theory suggesting that media, parents, and peers are key socializing agents in the development of body image
Body-related envy
-negative emotion that occurs when people feel they lack another persons superior quality and either desire to have it or wish that others lacked it
Self presentation theory
-the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them
-self presentation efficacy: perceived probability of successfully conveying ones desired impressions to others
Social comparison theory
-downward social comparison: compare themselves to those who are worse off than they are on attributes of value
-upward social comparison: comparing themselves to other who are better off than they are on attributes that are valued
Self discrepancy theory
-people compare themselves to internalized standards called self guides
-self guides: ideal self (reflects hopes and aspirations of what people want to be) and ought self (reflects what people think they should be)
Identity factors that may influence the development and maintenance of body image
-sex and gender
-age
-weight status
-culture and society
-illness
-sport involvement and type
-social and physical environmental factors
The effects of body image on a number of health-related factors
-physical activity: engagement in or avoidance of physical activity among adolescents
-health compromising behaviours: negative body image can be associated with wanting to get cosmetic surgery or doing drugs
-mental health: higher levels of depressive symptoms
-cardiometabolic risk factors: high stress linked to poor health outcomes and increased cortisol
