Week 10: Physical Activity and Mental Health

Question 1

Mental health vs mental illness

Answer 1

-mental health: a state of well being
-mental illness: any health condition characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, behaviour, that is associated with any distress or impaired functioning

Question 2

4 functions of physical activity in enhancing mental health

Answer 2

1. physical activity may prevent mental illness
2. exercise has been examined as a treatment or therapy for existing mental illness
3. physical activity may improve the quality of life for people with chronic physical or mental health problems
4. physical activity may improve the mental health of the public

Question 3

Endorphin hypothesis

Answer 3

-important body chemical that explains the benefits of exercise

Question 4

Neurotrophin hypothesis

Answer 4

-a chemical that plays an important role in various aspects of developmental and adult brain plasticity

Question 5

Monoamine hypothesis

Answer 5

-increase in monoamines, which is a type of neurotransmitter involved in several mental disorders

Question 6

Distraction hypothesis

Answer 6

-being distracted from a stressful stimuli

Question 7

Self efficacy hypothesis

Answer 7

-feel better about themselves which can improve mental health

Question 8

Process approach

Answer 8

-structure physical activity to support feelings of autonomy, competence, and social relatedness

Question 9

Sedentary behaviour is associated with what

Answer 9

-negative cognitive function

Question 10

Guideline

Answer 10

-150 min of moderate to vigorous activity per week

Question 11

Normative discontent

Answer 11

-concept that most people experience body dissatisfaction

Question 12

Authentic pride vs hubristic pride

Answer 12

-authentic: focused on achievement and behaviour (i feel proud i have been working out)
-hubristic: focused on grandiose attributes of the self (i am better looking than everyone here)

Question 13

Dimensions of body image

Answer 13

-perceptual: mental representation or reflections that an individual has of his or her body appearance and function
-cognitive: reflects an individuals thoughts, beliefs and evaluations of their body appearance and function
-behavioural: the actions and choices people take based on the perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and cognitions they have about their body size, shape, weight and function

Question 14

Tripartite influence model of body image

Answer 14

-theory suggesting that media, parents, and peers are key socializing agents in the development of body image

Question 15

Body-related envy

Answer 15

-negative emotion that occurs when people feel they lack another persons superior quality and either desire to have it or wish that others lacked it

Question 16

Self presentation theory

Answer 16

-the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them
-self presentation efficacy: perceived probability of successfully conveying ones desired impressions to others

Question 17

Social comparison theory

Answer 17

-downward social comparison: compare themselves to those who are worse off than they are on attributes of value
-upward social comparison: comparing themselves to other who are better off than they are on attributes that are valued

Question 18

Self discrepancy theory

Answer 18

-people compare themselves to internalized standards called self guides
-self guides: ideal self (reflects hopes and aspirations of what people want to be) and ought self (reflects what people think they should be)

Question 19

Identity factors that may influence the development and maintenance of body image

Answer 19

-sex and gender
-age
-weight status
-culture and society
-illness
-sport involvement and type
-social and physical environmental factors

Question 20

The effects of body image on a number of health-related factors

Answer 20

-physical activity: engagement in or avoidance of physical activity among adolescents
-health compromising behaviours: negative body image can be associated with wanting to get cosmetic surgery or doing drugs
-mental health: higher levels of depressive symptoms
-cardiometabolic risk factors: high stress linked to poor health outcomes and increased cortisol