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Neuroanatomy and Physiology > Week 8: Diencephalon, Limbic System, Cerebrum and Basal Nuclei > Flashcards

Week 8: Diencephalon, Limbic System, Cerebrum and Basal Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

a) thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
b) thalamus, pons, peduncles
c) pons, mesencephalon, thalamus
d) thalamus, pons, epithalamus

A

a) thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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2
Q

The __________ forms the “roof” of the diencephalon, and contains the pineal gland.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above

A

c) epithalamus

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3
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

a) dopamine
b) melatonin
c) serotonin
d) oxytocin

A

b) melatonin

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4
Q

The __________ form the walls of the diencephalon, and makes up most of the volume of the diencephalon.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above

A

a) thalamus

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5
Q

The __________ forms the floor of the diencephalon, and contains centers for emotions, and visceral process that affect the cerebrum and brainstem.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above

A

b) hypothalamus

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6
Q

Which of the following controls many autonomic functions, and links the nervous and endocrine system?

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above

A

b) hypothalamus

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7
Q

The thalamus is the final relay point for sensory information ascending to the?

a) primary motor cortex
b) primary sensory cortex
c) premotor cortex
d) prefrontal cortex

A

b) primary sensory cortex

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8
Q

The thalamus also acts as a filter, passing only a small portion of the arriving _________ information.

A

sensory

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9
Q

True or False?

The thalamus coordinates activities of the basal nuclei and cerebrum by relaying information between them.

A

True.

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10
Q

The thalamic ______ deal primarily with relay of sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex. Ganglia or Nuclei?

A

Nuclei.

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11
Q

Which of the following is not part of the thalamic nuclei?

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Superior
d) Lateral

A

c) Superior

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12
Q

The _______ group include the anterior nuclei, which are part of the Limbic System.

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral

A

a) Anterior

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13
Q

This system involves emotion and motivation.

a) Nervous System
b) Limbic System
c) Endocrine System
d) none of the above

A

b) Limbic System

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14
Q

The _______ group provides an awareness of emotional states by connecting emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobes. This group also receives and relays information to other portions of the thalamus.

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral

A

b) Medial

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15
Q

The _________ group relay information from the basal nuclei and the cerebellum to somatic areas of the cerebral cortex. This group also relays sensory information about touch, pressure, pain temperature and proprioception to the sensory areas of the cortex.

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral

A

c) Ventral

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16
Q

The _______ group includes the pulvinar and geniculate nuclei.

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Posterior
d) Lateral

A

c) Posterior

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17
Q

The _______ nuclei integrate sensory information from the cerebral cortex.

a) Anterior
b) Pulvinar
c) Posterior
d) Lateral

A

b) Pulvinar

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18
Q

The ____________ geniculate receives visual information over the optic tract from the eyes and outputs information to the occipital lobes and midbrain.

a) Lateral
b) Medial
c) Anterior
d) Posterior

A

a) Lateral

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19
Q

The ___________ geniculate relays auditory information to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex from specialized receptors of the inner ear.

a) Lateral
b) Medial
c) Anterior
d) Posterior

A

b) Medial

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20
Q

The _______ group forms feedback loops with the limbic system and parietal lobes affecting emotional states and integrating sensory information.

a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Posterior
d) Lateral

A

d) Lateral

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21
Q

The _______ contains important control and integration centres in addition to those associated with the limbic system.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above

A

a) thalamus

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22
Q

Hypothalamic centers may be stimulated by all of the following, EXCEPT?

a) sensory information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord
b) changes in the composition of CSF and interstitial fluid
c) motor information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord
d) chemical stimuli in the circulating blood that moves rapidly across highly permeable capillaries

A

b) motor information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord

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23
Q

Functions of the Hypothalamus (Part 1)

i) Conscious or Subconscious?
_____________ control of skeletal muscle contraction (somatic motor patterns); associated with rage, pleasure, pain, and sexual arousal

ii) Control of autonomic function (pons and medulla) regulating all except which?
- Heart Rate
- Blood Pressure
- Reproductive Function
- Respiration
- Digestive Function

iii) Coordination of activities of nervous and limbic system by inhibiting or stimulating pituitary gland through the production of hormones in the _______ area.

A

i) Subconscious Control
ii) Reproductive Function
iii) Tuberal

24
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus (Part 2)

i) Secretion of which two hormones that pass through the infundibulum to the posterior pituitary gland?

ii) Conscious and subconscious production of emotions and behavioural drives of the following, except which?
- Hunger
- Thirst
- Desire
- Satiety

iii) Coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions by making adjustments in various __________ states.
- Biological states
- Anatomical states
- Chemical states
- Physiological states

A

i) Antidiuretic and Oxytocin
ii) Desire
iii) - Physiological states

25
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus (Part 3)

i) Regulation of body temperature; the ________ area communicates with the vasomotor center in the medulla; controlled blood flow (regulates the diameter of peripheral blood vessels).
ii) Control of Circadian Rhythms through the ________ nucleus

A

i) preoptic

ii) suprachiasmatic

26
Q

Mammillary bodies process sensory information, including __________ sensations.

a) auditory
b) visual
c) olfactory
d) none of the above

A

c) olfactory

27
Q

Mamillary bodies also contain motor nuclei that control reflex movements associated with eating such as all of the following, except:

a) chewing
b) licking
c) sucking
d) swallowing

A

c) sucking

28
Q

True or False?

Mammillary bodies are not involved in memory.

A

False.

Mammillary bodies ARE involved in memory.

29
Q

A narrow stalk connecting the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

a) brainstem
b) inferior peduncle
c) infundibulum
d) superior peduncle

A

c) infundibulum

30
Q

The _______ area is the floor of the hypothalamus between the infundibulum and the mammillary bodies.
Preoptic or Tuberal?

A

Tuberal

31
Q

The limbic system consists of nuclei and tracts along the border between the cerebrum and ____________.

a) diencephalon
b) mesencephalon
c) pons
d) medulla

A

a) diencephalon

32
Q

True or False?

The limbic system is a functional grouping, rather than an anatomical one.

A

True.

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the limbic system?

a) establishing emotional states
b) linking conscious intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious autonomic functions of the brainstem
c) facilitating memory storage and retrieval
d) control of autonomic function

A

d) control of autonomic function

34
Q

Antidiuretic or Oxytocin?

Hormone from the supraoptic nucleus restricts water loss from kidneys.

A

Antidiuretic

35
Q

Antidiuretic or Oxytocin?

Hormone from paraventricular nucleus stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterus, mammary glands and prostate.

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

The ________ acts as an interface between the limbic system, cerebrum, and various systems helping to regulate heart rate in response to fear and anxiety; controls the fight or flight response; links emotions with specific memories.

a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body

A

a) amygdaloidal body

37
Q

The _________ contains three cerebral gyri namely the cingulate, dentate, and parahippocampal gyri.

a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body

A

b) limbic lobe

38
Q

The __________ found inferior to the limbic lobe is responsible for learning, especially storage and retrieval of new long term memories.

a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body

A

c) hippocampus

39
Q

The __________ is a tract of white matter that connect the hippocampus with the hypothalamus (particularly mammillary bodies)

a) amygdaloidal body
b) fornix
c) hippocampus
d) anterior nuclei

A

b) fornix

40
Q

The _________ nuclei of the thalamus relay information from the mammillary body to the cingulate gyri (same side).

a) amygdaloidal body
b) fornix
c) hippocampus
d) anterior

A

d) anterior

41
Q

True or False?

The mammillary body is not part of the limbic system.

A

False.

The mammillary body IS A PART of the limbic system.

42
Q

True or False?

The boundaries between the hypothalamic nuclei and limbic system are often poorly defined.

A

True.

43
Q

Gyri _______ the surface area of cerebral hemispheres., thus the number of cortical neurons they can contain.

A

Increase

44
Q

The ________ fissure is a very deep groove between the cerebral hemispheres.

a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) vertical
d) insula

A

a) longitudinal

45
Q

The ________ sulcus is a deep groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) insula

A

c) central sulcus

46
Q

The _______ sulcus is a deep horizontal groove that separates the frontal and temporal lobes.

a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) insula

A

b) lateral sulcus

47
Q

The ________ lies medial to the lateral sulcus.

a) longitudinal sulcus
b) lateral sulcus
c) central sulcus
d) insula

A

d) insula

48
Q

The _________ sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) parieo-occipital

A

d) parieo-occipital

49
Q

Each ________ receives sensory information from and sends motor commands to the opposite side of the body.

a) lobe
b) cortex
c) hemisphere
d) fissure

A

c) hemisphere

50
Q

True or False?

The two hemispheres have different functions even though they look almost identical.

A

True.

51
Q

The correspondence between a specific function and a specific region in the cerebral cortex is ________.

a) precise
b) imprecise
c) efficient
d) inefficient

A

b) imprecise

52
Q

________ fibres interconnect areas of the cerebral cortex within a single hemisphere.

a) association
b) arcuate
c) commisural
d) projection

A

a) association

53
Q

Short association fibres are called _______ fibres.

a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commisural
d) projection

A

b) arcuate

54
Q

Long association fibres are called __________ faciculi.

a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection

A

a) longitudinal

55
Q

________ fibres interconnect and permit communication between cerebral hemispheres and include the corpus callosum and anterior commissure.

a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection

A

c) commissural

56
Q

_________ fibres link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord.

a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection

A

d) projection

57
Q

The entire collection of projection fibres is called the ________ capsule.

a) external
b) internal
c) joint
d) nerve

A

b) internal

Neuroanatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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