Week 8: Diencephalon, Limbic System, Cerebrum and Basal Nuclei Flashcards
What does the diencephalon consist of?
a) thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
b) thalamus, pons, peduncles
c) pons, mesencephalon, thalamus
d) thalamus, pons, epithalamus
a) thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
The __________ forms the “roof” of the diencephalon, and contains the pineal gland.
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above
c) epithalamus
What does the pineal gland secrete?
a) dopamine
b) melatonin
c) serotonin
d) oxytocin
b) melatonin
The __________ form the walls of the diencephalon, and makes up most of the volume of the diencephalon.
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above
a) thalamus
The __________ forms the floor of the diencephalon, and contains centers for emotions, and visceral process that affect the cerebrum and brainstem.
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above
b) hypothalamus
Which of the following controls many autonomic functions, and links the nervous and endocrine system?
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above
b) hypothalamus
The thalamus is the final relay point for sensory information ascending to the?
a) primary motor cortex
b) primary sensory cortex
c) premotor cortex
d) prefrontal cortex
b) primary sensory cortex
The thalamus also acts as a filter, passing only a small portion of the arriving _________ information.
sensory
True or False?
The thalamus coordinates activities of the basal nuclei and cerebrum by relaying information between them.
True.
The thalamic ______ deal primarily with relay of sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex. Ganglia or Nuclei?
Nuclei.
Which of the following is not part of the thalamic nuclei?
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Superior
d) Lateral
c) Superior
The _______ group include the anterior nuclei, which are part of the Limbic System.
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral
a) Anterior
This system involves emotion and motivation.
a) Nervous System
b) Limbic System
c) Endocrine System
d) none of the above
b) Limbic System
The _______ group provides an awareness of emotional states by connecting emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobes. This group also receives and relays information to other portions of the thalamus.
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral
b) Medial
The _________ group relay information from the basal nuclei and the cerebellum to somatic areas of the cerebral cortex. This group also relays sensory information about touch, pressure, pain temperature and proprioception to the sensory areas of the cortex.
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Ventral
d) Lateral
c) Ventral
The _______ group includes the pulvinar and geniculate nuclei.
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Posterior
d) Lateral
c) Posterior
The _______ nuclei integrate sensory information from the cerebral cortex.
a) Anterior
b) Pulvinar
c) Posterior
d) Lateral
b) Pulvinar
The ____________ geniculate receives visual information over the optic tract from the eyes and outputs information to the occipital lobes and midbrain.
a) Lateral
b) Medial
c) Anterior
d) Posterior
a) Lateral
The ___________ geniculate relays auditory information to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex from specialized receptors of the inner ear.
a) Lateral
b) Medial
c) Anterior
d) Posterior
b) Medial
The _______ group forms feedback loops with the limbic system and parietal lobes affecting emotional states and integrating sensory information.
a) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Posterior
d) Lateral
d) Lateral
The _______ contains important control and integration centres in addition to those associated with the limbic system.
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) none of the above
a) thalamus
Hypothalamic centers may be stimulated by all of the following, EXCEPT?
a) sensory information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord
b) changes in the composition of CSF and interstitial fluid
c) motor information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord
d) chemical stimuli in the circulating blood that moves rapidly across highly permeable capillaries
b) motor information from the cerebrum, brainstem and spinal cord
Functions of the Hypothalamus (Part 1)
i) Conscious or Subconscious?
_____________ control of skeletal muscle contraction (somatic motor patterns); associated with rage, pleasure, pain, and sexual arousal
ii) Control of autonomic function (pons and medulla) regulating all except which?
- Heart Rate
- Blood Pressure
- Reproductive Function
- Respiration
- Digestive Function
iii) Coordination of activities of nervous and limbic system by inhibiting or stimulating pituitary gland through the production of hormones in the _______ area.
i) Subconscious Control
ii) Reproductive Function
iii) Tuberal
Functions of Hypothalamus (Part 2)
i) Secretion of which two hormones that pass through the infundibulum to the posterior pituitary gland?
ii) Conscious and subconscious production of emotions and behavioural drives of the following, except which?
- Hunger
- Thirst
- Desire
- Satiety
iii) Coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions by making adjustments in various __________ states.
- Biological states
- Anatomical states
- Chemical states
- Physiological states
i) Antidiuretic and Oxytocin
ii) Desire
iii) - Physiological states
Functions of Hypothalamus (Part 3)
i) Regulation of body temperature; the ________ area communicates with the vasomotor center in the medulla; controlled blood flow (regulates the diameter of peripheral blood vessels).
ii) Control of Circadian Rhythms through the ________ nucleus
i) preoptic
ii) suprachiasmatic
Mammillary bodies process sensory information, including __________ sensations.
a) auditory
b) visual
c) olfactory
d) none of the above
c) olfactory
Mamillary bodies also contain motor nuclei that control reflex movements associated with eating such as all of the following, except:
a) chewing
b) licking
c) sucking
d) swallowing
c) sucking
True or False?
Mammillary bodies are not involved in memory.
False.
Mammillary bodies ARE involved in memory.
A narrow stalk connecting the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
a) brainstem
b) inferior peduncle
c) infundibulum
d) superior peduncle
c) infundibulum
The _______ area is the floor of the hypothalamus between the infundibulum and the mammillary bodies.
Preoptic or Tuberal?
Tuberal
The limbic system consists of nuclei and tracts along the border between the cerebrum and ____________.
a) diencephalon
b) mesencephalon
c) pons
d) medulla
a) diencephalon
True or False?
The limbic system is a functional grouping, rather than an anatomical one.
True.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the limbic system?
a) establishing emotional states
b) linking conscious intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious autonomic functions of the brainstem
c) facilitating memory storage and retrieval
d) control of autonomic function
d) control of autonomic function
Antidiuretic or Oxytocin?
Hormone from the supraoptic nucleus restricts water loss from kidneys.
Antidiuretic
Antidiuretic or Oxytocin?
Hormone from paraventricular nucleus stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterus, mammary glands and prostate.
Oxytocin
The ________ acts as an interface between the limbic system, cerebrum, and various systems helping to regulate heart rate in response to fear and anxiety; controls the fight or flight response; links emotions with specific memories.
a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body
a) amygdaloidal body
The _________ contains three cerebral gyri namely the cingulate, dentate, and parahippocampal gyri.
a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body
b) limbic lobe
The __________ found inferior to the limbic lobe is responsible for learning, especially storage and retrieval of new long term memories.
a) amygdaloidal body
b) limbic lobe
c) hippocampus
d) mammillary body
c) hippocampus
The __________ is a tract of white matter that connect the hippocampus with the hypothalamus (particularly mammillary bodies)
a) amygdaloidal body
b) fornix
c) hippocampus
d) anterior nuclei
b) fornix
The _________ nuclei of the thalamus relay information from the mammillary body to the cingulate gyri (same side).
a) amygdaloidal body
b) fornix
c) hippocampus
d) anterior
d) anterior
True or False?
The mammillary body is not part of the limbic system.
False.
The mammillary body IS A PART of the limbic system.
True or False?
The boundaries between the hypothalamic nuclei and limbic system are often poorly defined.
True.
Gyri _______ the surface area of cerebral hemispheres., thus the number of cortical neurons they can contain.
Increase
The ________ fissure is a very deep groove between the cerebral hemispheres.
a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) vertical
d) insula
a) longitudinal
The ________ sulcus is a deep groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) insula
c) central sulcus
The _______ sulcus is a deep horizontal groove that separates the frontal and temporal lobes.
a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) insula
b) lateral sulcus
The ________ lies medial to the lateral sulcus.
a) longitudinal sulcus
b) lateral sulcus
c) central sulcus
d) insula
d) insula
The _________ sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
a) longitudinal
b) lateral
c) central
d) parieo-occipital
d) parieo-occipital
Each ________ receives sensory information from and sends motor commands to the opposite side of the body.
a) lobe
b) cortex
c) hemisphere
d) fissure
c) hemisphere
True or False?
The two hemispheres have different functions even though they look almost identical.
True.
The correspondence between a specific function and a specific region in the cerebral cortex is ________.
a) precise
b) imprecise
c) efficient
d) inefficient
b) imprecise
________ fibres interconnect areas of the cerebral cortex within a single hemisphere.
a) association
b) arcuate
c) commisural
d) projection
a) association
Short association fibres are called _______ fibres.
a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commisural
d) projection
b) arcuate
Long association fibres are called __________ faciculi.
a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection
a) longitudinal
________ fibres interconnect and permit communication between cerebral hemispheres and include the corpus callosum and anterior commissure.
a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection
c) commissural
_________ fibres link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord.
a) longitudinal
b) arcuate
c) commissural
d) projection
d) projection
The entire collection of projection fibres is called the ________ capsule.
a) external
b) internal
c) joint
d) nerve
b) internal
