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Neuroanatomy and Physiology > Week 1: Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Week 1: Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The basic functional unit of the nervous system.

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Perform all of the communication, information processing, and control functions of the nervous system.

A

Function of Neurons

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3
Q

Cells that support neurons and have functions essential to the survival and functionality of neurons.

A

Neuroglia

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4
Q
  • Separate and protect neurons
  • Provide a supportive framework
  • Act as phagocytes
  • Regulate the composition of interstitial fluid
A

Function of Neuroglia

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5
Q

Cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.

A

Perikaryon (Component of a Neuron)

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6
Q

(of the perikaryon) contains neuro filaments, and neurotubules.

A

Cytoskeleton (Component of a Neuron)

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7
Q

Bundles of neurofilaments.

A

Neurofibrils

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8
Q

Are clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes (responsible in the “gray” in gray matter).

A

Nissl Bodies (Component of a Neuron)

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9
Q

Extend from the cell body and are responsible for communication.

A

Dendrites (Component of a Neuron)

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10
Q

Extend out from dendrites.

A

Dendritic Spines (Component of a Neuron)

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11
Q

Receive information from both external and internal stimuli, process information, and send signals to initiate any necessary response.

A

Function of the Nervous System

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12
Q

Are long cytoplasmic processes capable of propagating action potentials.

A

Axons (Component of a Neuron)

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13
Q

The cytoplasm of an axon.

A

Axoplasm (Component of a Neuron)

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14
Q

The cell membrane of an axon.

A

Axolemma (Component of a Neuron)

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15
Q

aka Axon Hillock; where the axon and the cell body meet.

A

Initial Segment (Component of a Neuron)

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16
Q

An axon may branch along its length, producing side branches called ________________.

A

Collaterals (Component of a Neuron)

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17
Q

Are where telodendria end.

A

Synaptic (Axon) Terminal (Component of a Neuron)

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18
Q

A specialized site where neurons communicate with another cell.

A

Synapse

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19
Q

Sends a message.

A

Presynaptic Cell

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20
Q

Receives message.

A

Postsynaptic Cell.

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21
Q

The axon terminal of the presynaptic cell communicates with the postsynaptic cell using chemicals called __________________.

A

Neurotransmitters

22
Q

A synapse between a nerve and a muscle.

A

Neuro-muscular Synapse

23
Q

A synapse between a nerve and a gland.

A

Neuro-glandular Synapse

24
Q

A synapse between a nerve and another nerve.

A

Neuro-neuronal Synapse

25
Q

Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells.

A

Synaptic Cleft

26
Q

Neurotransmitters are stored in tiny vesicles in the ________________ and release their contents into the synaptic cleft when an __________________ arrives at the axon terminal.

A

Axon terminals, Action potential

27
Q

Neurotransmitters that are captured back in pieces from the synaptic cleft.

A

Resynthesized Neurotransmitters

28
Q

Neurotransmitters from the cell body.

A

Synthesized Neurotransmitters

29
Q

Transport away from body and toward distal axon.

A

Anterograde Transport

30
Q

Transport toward the body.

A

Retrograde Transport

31
Q

Are small neurons with no distinguishing feature.

A

Anaxonic Neurons (Classified by Structure)

32
Q

Rare neurons, and occur in special senses of sight, smell, hearing.

A

Bipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

33
Q

Represent most sensory neurons.

A

Unipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

34
Q

Represent all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscle.

A

Multipolar Neurons (Classified by Structure)

35
Q

Afferent, intero, extero, proprioceptors.

A

Sensory Neurons (Classified by Function)

36
Q

Somatic and visceral motor.

A

Motor Neurons (Classified by Function)

37
Q

Most abundant neuron, responsible for higher order functions.

A

Interneurons (Classified by Function)

38
Q
  • Ependymal cells
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Microglia
A

Contents of CNS Glia

39
Q
  • Schwann cells

- Satellite cells

A

Contents of PNS Glia

40
Q

Line the cerebral ventricles and central canal producing Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF).

A

Ependymal Cells

41
Q
  • Maintain the blood brain barrier
  • Create 3D framework for CNS
  • Repair neural damage
  • Guide neuron development
  • Control the interstitial environment
A

Astrocytes

42
Q

Cooperate in forming a myelin sheath along the lengths of CNS axons.

A

Oligodendrocytes

43
Q

Phagocytic cells acting as wandering macrophage, acting as both “police” and “janitor”.

A

Microglia

44
Q

Responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system.

A

Schwann Cells

45
Q

Schwann cells can only myelinate ______ segment of a _________ axon unlike _________________.

A

1, single, oligodendrocytes.

46
Q

Like astrocytes, maintain blood brain barrier helping to regulate neuron interstitial fluid.

A

Satellite Cells

47
Q

Most neurons lack ___________, important organelles involved during mitosis. For this reason, they cannot be replaced if lost to injury or disease.

A

Centrioles

48
Q

A series of fine extensions at the end of an axon.

A

Telodendria (Component of a Neuron)

49
Q

Monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems, and provide sensations of distension (stretch), deep pressure, and pain.

(intero-, inside)

A

Interoceptors

50
Q

Provide information about the external environment in the form of touch, temperature or pressure sensation and the more complex senses of taste, smell, sight, equillibrium (balance), and hearing.

(extero-, outside)

A

Exteroceptors

51
Q

Monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

A

Proprioceptors

Neuroanatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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