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3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I > Week 8 Circulation & Perfusion II > Flashcards

Week 8 Circulation & Perfusion II Flashcards

1
Q

Coronary Artery Disease - CAD

A
  • Narrowing/obstruction of arteries
  • Result of atherosclerosis process
  • Build up of plaque in artery walls
  • Impacting perfusion
  • Damage to body systems
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2
Q

CAD Causes

A
  • Injury to artery walls
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Inflammation
  • Cholesterol
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3
Q

CAD Comorbidities

A
  • Hypertension
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Diabetes
  • High BMI
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4
Q

CAD Risks

A
  • Uncontrolled blood glucose
  • High HbA1C
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5
Q

Stenosis

A
  • Might be enough flow during rest
  • HR increases, not enough flow to tissue
  • Starving tissues
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6
Q

Angina

A
  • Ischemia of partial thickness of myocardial muscle
  • Chest pain brought on by myocardial ischemia
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7
Q

Myocardial Infraction - MI

A
  • Ischemia of full thickness of myocardial muscle
  • Death of myocardia cells
  • Result of prolonged ischemia
  • EMERGENCY
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8
Q

Angina Causes

A
  • Stenosis
  • Vasospasm
  • Thickening of heart wall
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9
Q

MI Causes

A
  • Stenosis
  • Plaque lodge
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10
Q

MI STEMI

A

ST-elevation

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11
Q

N-STEMI

A

Non-ST elevation

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12
Q

Angina Tests

A
  • Negative cardiac biomarkers
  • Negative ECG
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13
Q

MI Tests

A
  • NonST - positive biomarkers, neg ECG
  • STEMI - pos biomarkers & ECG
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14
Q

Angina Diagnosis

A

ST depression on ECG

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15
Q

MI Diagnosis

A
  • NSTEMI - no change on ECG
  • STEMI - ST elevation on ECG
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16
Q

Troponin I

A
  • Elevated with cardiac muscle damage
  • Elevates 3-6hrs post MI
  • Peak 12-16 hrs
  • Remains high 5-9 days
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17
Q

Angina Pharm Interventions

A
  • Nitrates (short/long acting)
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta blockers
  • Antihyperlipidemic
  • Anti-coagulants
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18
Q

-ASE: Altplase, Reteplase, Aminolase

A
  • Thrombolytics - clot busters
  • Dissolve thrombus
  • Bleeding risk
  • IV admin
19
Q

MI Pharm Interventions

A
  • Thrombolytics
  • Nitrates
  • Morphine
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta blockers
  • Antihyperlipidemic
  • Ant-coagulants
20
Q

MI Pharm Interventions Target

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Clot busting
  • Pain
  • Reduce future complication risk
21
Q

Systolic Dysfunction

A
  • Impaired myocardial contraction
  • Contractility issue
  • Ventricles lack strength
22
Q

Diastolic Dysfunction

A
  • Impaired ventricular filling
  • Compliance/pre-load issue
  • Ventricles lacking elasticity
23
Q

Heart Failure Compensation

A
  • Stimulate sympathetic NS
  • Activate RAAS
  • Vasoconstriction - blood shunted to vital organs
  • Retain fluid - overload
  • Dilate ventricles
24
Q

Heart Failure Causes

A
  • Hypertension
  • MI
  • COPD
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Valve issues
25
Q

Left Sided HF

A
  • Respiratory congestion
  • Blood backs up in lungs
26
Q

Left Sided HF S/S

A
  • Dyspnea & SOB
  • Nocturnal dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Crackles
  • Orthopnea
  • Decreased SpO2
  • Extra beats or sounds
  • Palpitations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Increased HR
  • Weak pulse
  • Oliguria - FVO
  • Dizzy, confused, restless
  • Altered digestion
  • Pale, cool
27
Q

Right Sided HF

A
  • Peripheral & visceral congestion
  • Blood backs up in body
28
Q

Right Sided HF S/S

A
  • Liver dysfunction
  • RUQ pain
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Jaundice
  • Ascites
  • Anorexia/nausea
  • Splenomegaly
  • Reduced RBC
  • Jugular vein distension
  • Unstable BP
29
Q

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide BNP

A

Increase with heart failure

30
Q

Echocardiogram

A
  • Measures ejection fraction
  • Normal 55-65%
  • HFpEF >50% = preserved
  • HFmEF 41-49% = mid range
  • HFrEF <40% = reduced
31
Q

HF Complications

A
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Venous disorders
32
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A
  • Fluid in interstitial & alveoli
  • Can be emergency
  • Caused by L-side
33
Q

Pulmonary Edema S&S

A
  • Resp - SOB, tachypneic, low SpO2, cyanosis, pink sputum
  • Cardiac- JVD, weak pulses, tachycardia
  • Neuro (early) - restless, anxiety
  • Neuro (late) - confusion, stupor
34
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A
  • Compromised cardiac function
  • Cannot maintain CO & tissue perfusion
35
Q

Cardiogenic Shock S&S

A
  • Increased HR
  • Decreased BP
  • Decreased urine output
  • Pale, cool
  • Confused, agitated
  • Absence of bowel sounds
36
Q

Venous Stasis Ulcers & Cellulitis

A
  • Excavation of skin surface
  • Necrotic tissue sloths off
  • Inadequate perfusion result
37
Q

Stage 1 HF

A
  • Lifestyle modifications
  • ACE inhibitor/ARB
38
Q

Stage 2 HF

A
  • Lifestyle modification
  • ACE inhibitor/ARB & beta blocker
39
Q

Stage 3 HF

A
  • Lifestyle modification
  • Surgical intervention
  • ACE inhibitor/ARB & beta blocker & diuretic
40
Q

Stage 4 HF

A
  • Decision on level of care
  • Palliative or heart transplant
41
Q

HF Pharm Interventions Target

A
  • Reduce cardiac workload
  • Reduce symptoms
  • Support cardiac function
42
Q

HF Pharm Interventions

A
  • ACE inhibitors or ARBs
  • Beta blockers
  • Diuretics
  • Digoxin
43
Q

Vascular Assist Device

A
  • Implanted surgically
  • Supports heart in maintaining flow
  • Requires lifelong anticoagulants
44
Q

Heart Transplant

A
  • Lifelong meds for rejection
  • Comorbidities need to be considered
  • Lifestyle modifications

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I (15 decks)

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