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3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I > Week 7 Circulation & Perfusion I > Flashcards

Week 7 Circulation & Perfusion I Flashcards

1
Q

Influences on Cardiac Output (CO)

A
  • Nervous systems
  • Fluid volume
  • Heart muscle contraction
  • Resistance in vessels
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2
Q

SV Preload

A
  • End diastolic volume
  • Influenced by venous return, fluid volume, atrial contraction
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3
Q

SV Afterload

A
  • Pressure in aorta that left ventricle must overcome to eject
  • Influenced by hypertension, vasoconstriction, atherosclerosis
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4
Q

Inotropes Medications

A
  • Change force of heart contraction
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5
Q

Peripheral Resistance Impacts

A
  • Blood viscosity
  • Radius of vessel
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6
Q

Mechanical Disorders

A
  • Cardiac myopathy
  • Congestive heart failure CHF
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7
Q

Hypertension Risk

A

Damage to vessels overtime

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8
Q

Dyslipidemia Risk

A

Buildup blocks vessels & impacts flow

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9
Q

Diabetes Risk

A

Damage to vessels overtime

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10
Q

Obesity Risk

A

Increased demand on body systems

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11
Q

Sleep Apnea Risk

A

Hypoxia leading to compensation

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12
Q

Smoking Risk

A

Increase plaque formation

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13
Q

Gender Risk

A
  • Men CVD
  • Women stroke
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14
Q

Genetic Risk

A
  • Modify cholesterol development
  • Heart structure
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15
Q

Electrocardiogram Leads Setup

A
  • Brown in middle
  • Water over fire (right)
  • Air over grass (left)
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16
Q

PRILs: Rami-, Perindo-, Lisino-

A
  • Antihypertensives
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Vasodilate - lower BP
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17
Q

PRILs Side Effects

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Persistent dry cough
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18
Q

PRILs Nursing Considerations

A
  • Risk of angioedema - fluid below skin could block airway
  • Hold if BP below 90 (hypotension)
  • Change position slow
  • Falls risk
  • Advocate for med change if dry cough difficult
  • Metabolized by liver
  • Excreted by kidney
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19
Q

SARTANs: Cande-, Lo-, Val-

A
  • Antihypertensive
  • Ang II receptor blocker
  • Treat hypertension, lower BP
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20
Q

SARTANs Side Effects

A
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • N/V/D
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21
Q

SARTANs Nursing Considerations

A
  • Monitor for hypotension
  • May be appropriate for clients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors
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22
Q

OLOLs: Metor-, Carvedi

A
  • Antihypertensive & anti dysrhythmics
  • Beta blocker
  • Decrease HR/cardiac contractility
  • Lowers BP
  • Treats dysrhythmias
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23
Q

OLOLs Side Effects

A
  • Dizziness
  • Lightheaded
  • Hypotension (ortho)
  • Bradycardia
  • Dry mouth
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24
Q

OLOLs Nursing Considerations

A
  • May worsen CHF overtime
  • Hold if HR below 60 & BP below 90
  • Change position slowly
  • Monitor in diabetes, mask hypoglycemic symptoms
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25
Amlodipine, Diltiazem
- Antihypertensive & anti dysrhythmics - Calcium channel blockers - Cause vasodilation - Decrease HR & cardiac contractility
26
Amlodipine & Diltiazem Side Effects
- Dizziness - Lightheaded - Hypotension (ortho) - Bradycardia - Peripheral edema - Flushing - GI upset - Constipation
27
Amlodipine & Diltiazem Nursing Considerations
- Risk for hypotension - Hold if BP below 90 & HR below 60 - Change position slowly - Monitor I/O - edema risk - Metabolized by liver - Excreted by kidneys - Avoid with CHF
28
Digoxin & Digitalis
- Anti dysrhythmics - Cardiac glycoside - Improve myocardial contraction to increase CO - Slows conduction to decrease HR
29
Digoxin & Digitalis Side Effects
- Dizziness - Fatigue - Bradycardia - N/V/D - Visual disturbances
30
Digoxin & Digitalis Nursing Considerations
- Hold if HR below 50 - Monitor for toxicity - Eliminated by kidneys
31
Nitroglycerine
- Vasodilator - short acting - Nitrates - Decrease BP - Decrease preload & afterload
32
Nitroglycerine Side Effects
- Dizziness - Lightheaded - Headache - Orthostatic hypotension - Tachycardia
33
Nitroglycerine Nursing Considerations
- Health teaching on use - Monitor effects after use - Pain lasts longer then 3 doses or 15 mins call EMS - Avoid viagara
34
Hydrochlorothiazide
- Antihypertensive - Thiazide diuretic - Lower BP by reducing fluid volume
35
Hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects
- Dehydration - Dizziness - Headache - Hypotension (ortho) - Electrolyte imbalances (hypoK, Na)
36
Hydrochlorothiazide Nursing Considerations
- Risk for hypotension - Monitor electrolytes - Daily weigh ins - Fall risk with older adults - Contraindicated with impaired kidney function
37
Spironolactone
- Antihypertensive - Potassium sparing diuretic - Lower BP by reducing fluid volume
38
Spironolactone Side Effects
- Dizziness - Headache - Hypotension (ortho) - Electrolyte imbalance (hyper K) - Photosensitivity - N/V/D
39
Spironolactone Nursing Considerations
- Risk for hypotension - Monitor electrolytes - Daily weigh ins - Falls risk with older adults - Contraindicated with later stage kidney function
40
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin)
- Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic & antiplatelet - NSAID - Decrease temp, pain, inflammation, platelet aggregation
41
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin) Side Effects
- GI upset - Bleeding
42
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin) Nursing Considerations
Health teaching on risks of bleeding
43
Clopidogrel (Plavix) & Ticagrelor
- Antiplatelet - Adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists - Decrease platelet aggregation
44
Clopidogrel (Plavix) & Ticagrelor Side Effects
- Headache - Nausea - Bruising - GI upset - Bleeding - Heartburn
45
Clopidogrel (Plavix) & Ticagrelor Nursing Considerations
- Health teaching on bleeding risks - Monitor PT/INR - Hepatic activation
46
Apixaban, Dabigatran & Rivaroxaban
- Oral anticoagulants - Factor Xa inhibitors - Inhibit clotting
47
Apixaban, Dabigatran & Rivaroxaban Side Effects
- Bruising - Bleeding gums - Nosebleeds - Heavy periods - Blood in urine/stool
48
Apixaban, Dabigatran & Rivaroxaban Nursing Considerations
- Monitor PT/INR - Health teaching on risks of bleeding - Risk of stroke
49
-statins: Atrova-, Rosuva-
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor - Decrease LDL & triglycerides
50
-statins: Atrova-, Rosuva- Side Effects
- Headache - Dizziness - GI upset - Insomnia - Muscle pain
51
-statins: Atrova-, Rosuva- Nursing Considerations
- Monitor lipids - fasting - Hepatotoxic
52
Diabetes HTN
Greater than 130/80
53
Secondary HTN
- Identifiable cause - 5% of all cases - CKD, sleep apnea, pregnancy, NSAIDs, alcoholism
54
Hypertensive Emergency
- High BP (180/120) & signs of acute organ damage - Chest pain - SOB - Visual disturbances - Cerebral edema - Headache - IV vasodilators
55
Hypertensive Urgency
- High BP - Headache - Nosebleeds - Anxiety - Fast acting oral antihypertensives
56
Hypertensive Crisis Assessment
- Vitals q5 mins - S&S of organ damage - Bloodwork - 12 lead ECG - I/O
57
Arrhythmia
- Irregular & rapid heart rhythm - Caused by uncoordinated atrial muscle contraction
58
A Fib Rhythm
- Usually rate > 100 - Irregular rhythm - P-wave non-existent - PR interval impossible to compute - QRS complex normal
59
A Fib Causes
- Hypertension - Diabetes - Smoking - Obesity - Alcohol
60
Outcomes of A Fib
- TIAs - Ischemic stroke - MI - Pulmonary embolism - Heart failure
61
Anticoagulation Therapy
Decrease risk of emboli
62
Arrhythmia Pharm Interventions
- Calcium channel blockers - Beta blockers - Cardiac glycoside (digoxin) - Oral anticoagulants *monitor*

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I (15 decks)

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