Renal Review Flashcards
1
Q
Low Aldosterone
A
- Decrease Na+ retention
- Decrease fluid volume
- Decrease BP
- Increase urine output (diuresis)
2
Q
High Aldosterone
A
- Increase Na+ retention
- Increase fluid volume
- Increase BP
- Decrease urine output
3
Q
High ADH
A
- Increase fluid volume
- Increase BP
- Decrease urine output
4
Q
Low ADH
A
- Decrease fluid volume
- Decrease BP
- Increase urine output (diuresis)
5
Q
Signs of Waste Build-Up - GI
A
- Nausea, vomit, diarrhea
- Abdominal discomfort/distension
- Ulceration - bleeding
6
Q
Signs of Waste Build-Up - Integumentary
A
- Itching/skin irritation
- r/t waste product buildup
- Azotemia
- Pruritus
7
Q
Signs of Waste Build-Up - Neuro
A
- Interrupts normal neruo function - waste build up
- Early: lethargy, forgetfulness, mild confusion
- Late: seizures, coma
8
Q
Anurea
A
No urine outout
9
Q
Oligurea
A
Low urine output
10
Q
Polyurea
A
Excessive urine output
11
Q
Hematurea
A
Blood in urine
12
Q
Proteinurea
A
Protein in urine
13
Q
eGFR
A
- Measures level of kidney function
- Determines stage of kidney disease
- 24 hour urine collection + blood draw
- Decreased value indicates poor function
14
Q
GFR
A
- > 90 mL/min
- Decreased value indicates poor function
15
Q
Creatinine Levels
A
- M 49-93micromol/L
- F 22-75 micromol/L
- Elevated levels indicate poor function
16
Q
BUN
A
- 2.1-8.0mmol/L
- Elevated levels indicate poor function
17
Q
Hemoglobin
A
- Erythropoietin required to stimulate RBC production by bone marrow
- Decrease production with kidney dysfunction
- 120-160g/L
- Decreased values, poor function
18
Q
ABG Dysfunction
A
Decreased ability to filter & excrete H
19
Q
Acute Kidney Injury Characteristics
A
- Sudden loss of renal function
- Fluid, electrolyte, pH balances
- Waste buildup
- Metabolic acidosis
- Impacting renal function <3 months
20
Q
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
A
- Machine that mimics kidney function
- Filters blood to provide kidney rest/healing
- Filters extracellular fluid
- Removes H2O, solutes through hemofilter
- Clears urinary toxins
21
Q
Chronic Kidney Disease Stages
A
- GFR>90 - damage but normal
- GFR 60-89 - mild decrease
- GFR 30-59 - moderate decrease
- 15-29 - severe decrease
- GFR<15 - end stage
22
Q
Biquanides
A
- Metformin
- Antihyperglycemic
- Stomach pain, GI upset, gas/bloating, N/V/D, constipation
- Risk of hypoglycemia - monitor
- Potentially hepatotoxic drug (ALT & AST)
- Contraindicated in eGFR <30
23
Q
Dialysis
A
- Intermittent treatment to provide extracellular fluid filtration
- Required when kidney function drops below baseline
- Maintain fluid electrolyte balance
24
Q
Peritoneal Dialysis
A
- Filter via passive filtration through peritoneal cavity
- Fill with hypertonic solution, water moves into peritoneal cavity via osmosis, cavity drained
- Gravity or continuous cyclic
25
Q
Hemodialysis
A
- External filtration of intravascular fluid
- Attach dialysis machine via fistula
