Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I > Week 11 Hepatic > Flashcards

Week 11 Hepatic Flashcards

1
Q

Liver Key Functions

A
  • Metabolism
  • Storage (carbs & fats)
  • Detoxification
  • Bile production
  • Clotting factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • Associated with anything (chole)
  • Storage unit for bile
  • Can live without one
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bile

A
  • Dark green/yellow fluid
  • Produced by liver
  • Stored & concentrated in gallbladder
  • Makes stool brown & emesis yellow
  • Contains water, electrolytes, fatty acids, cholesterol, bile salts, bilibrubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exocrine

A
  • Amylase - CHO (carbs)
  • Trypsin - proteins
  • Lipase - fats
  • HCO3 - increase pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endocrine

A
  • Glucagon - increase blood glucose
  • Insulin - decrease blood glucose
  • Somatostatin - slightly increase blood glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Liver Stress

A

Causes inflammation which damages hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver Necrosis

A

Causes poor perfusion which destroys hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Liver Fibrosis & Scarring

A

Tissue is replaced & abnormal lobules are created
Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hepatocyte Damage/Destruction

A
  • Can’t filter, store, absorb
  • Waste buildup
  • Increase pressure through CV system
  • Poor nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disrupted Liver Perfusion

A
  • Blood can’t move through hepatic vessels
  • Pressure increase in hepatic vessels
  • Pressure backs up into GI system
  • Results in varices, bleeding, ruptures
  • Fluid moves into extracellular space - edema ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disrupted Production of Albumin

A
  • Fluid not retained in intravascular space
  • Fluid moves to extracellular space
  • Results in edema, ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increased ALT & AST

A

Normal liver enzymes leak into blood from damaged cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Increased Ammonia

A
  • Decreased filtration
  • Waste product, neruo changes, itchy skin, GI changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increased Bilirubin

A
  • Decreased filtration
  • Jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Increased PT & Decreased Platelets

A
  • Decreased clotting factor production
  • Role of spleen
  • Bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Decreased Hemoglobin & WBCs

A
  • Blood loss
  • Role of spleen
  • Bleeding & infection risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lipids

A
  • Fatty deposits
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Increased cholesterol
  • Increased LDLs
  • Decreased HDLs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal buildup of fluid in peritoneal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ascites Causes

A
  • Hepatic portal hypertension
  • Increase aldosterone
  • Decrease albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ascites S&S

A
  • Increase abdominal girth
  • Weight gain
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • SOB
  • Fluid/electrolyte imbalances
  • Umbilical herniation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ascites Management

A
  • Nutritional therapy - low Na diet
  • Pharm therapy - diuretic, IV albumin
  • Paracentesis
  • Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Albumin 5% & 25% Major Uses

A
  • Volume expansion & diuresis
  • Ascites & bacterial peritonitis - 25%
  • Hepatorenal syndrome - 25%
  • Plasma exchange procedures - 5%
  • Edema management - most common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Paracentesis

A

Procedure to drain ascites fluid from abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Norfloxacin

A
  • Antibiotic
  • Fluoroquinolone
  • Treat infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Norfloxacin Side Effects
- Headache - Nausea
26
Norfloxacin Nursing Considerations
- Adverse effects: tendon rupture, seizures - Take drug at same time everyday
27
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt - TIPS
- Treatment for ascites - frequent paracentesis - Tract creased between higher-pressure portal vein & low pressure hepatic vein - Increase portal venous pressure - Decrease ascites
28
Esophageal Varices
- Enlarged & additional veins with poor integrity in stomach & esophagus - GI bleeding risk - Can be emergency - size of bleed
29
Esophageal Varices - Nursing Management
- Monitor for S&S of GI hemorrhage - Administer clotting factors - Pharm therapy - beta blocker - Endoscopy & banding - TIPS
30
Phytonadione - Vitamin K
Supports liver in generating clotting factors
31
Phytonadione Side Effects
Decreased appetite
32
Phytonadione Nursing Considerations
- Avoid with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, ASA - IV admin for acute bleed - Oral admin with bile salts to increase uptake
33
Esophageal Banding Therapy (Ligation)
- Treats varices - Endoscope loaded with rubber bands wrap varices
34
Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Brain dysfunction caused by liver dysfunction - Depression of CNS - Neuro changes
35
Hepatic Encephalopathy Causes
- Elevated ammonia levels - Increased GABA - CNS depression
36
Hepatic Encephalopathy S&S
- Lethargy/confusion - Disturbed sleep (insomnia/sleepy during day) - Asterixis - Difficulty handwriting - Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes - Flaccidity - Coma
37
Hepatic Encephalopathy Nursing Management
- Lactulose - Antibiotics - Low protein diet (avoid animal products) - Monitor vitals, ammonia, resp depression
38
Lactulose
- Laxative - Sugar - Promotes elimination by pulling water into colon - Removes ammonia from GI by drawing into colon
39
Lactulose Side Effects
- Bloating - Cramping - Gas - Diarrhea
40
Lactulose Nursing Considerations
- Loose stools - Increase # of stools/day
41
Rifaximin (Zaxine)
- Antibiotic - Rifamycin - Breaks down bacteria in colon to prevent ammonia production
42
Rifaximin Side Effects
- Dizzy - Not absorbed well by body = few side effects
43
Pancreatitis
- Inflammation of pancreas - Acute or chronic - Can lead to autodigestion of the pancreas
44
Pancreatitis Causes
- Excessive EtOH use - Viral/bacterial infections - mumps - Gall stones obstruction of ampulla of vater - Trauma, tremors - Hypercalcemia, hyperchloesterolemia - Cystic fibrosis
45
Pancreatitis Risk Factors
- Mumps - Gull stones, tumours - Cystic fibrosis - Smoking, alcohol
46
Pancreatitis Pain Assessment
- LUQ mid epigastric - under rib - Can refer to back on left side - Pain worse when laying down - Pain better sitting up & bent forward - Pain can be worse with eating/drinking
47
Cullen's Sign
- Bruising around umbilicus
48
Grey Turner's Sign
Bruising of flanks (between last rib & hip)
49
Pancreatitis CV Assessment
- Hemodynamic instability - Increase HR with pain - Decrease BP with dehydration & bleeding
50
Pancreatitis Integ Assessment
- Cullen's sign - Grey Turners sign
51
Pancreatitis Labs
- Increase amylase & lipase - Increase glucose - no insulin production
52
Opioids
- Analgesics - Treat pain
53
Opioids Side Effects
- Drowsy - Dizzy - Pruritis - N&V - Constipation
54
Opioids Nursing Considerations
- Monitor RR - Increase OD risk with older age - Existing renal/hepatic dysfunction
55
Cholecystitis
- Inflammation of gall bladder - Can be complication of liver/pancreas dysfunction
56
Cholecystitis Causes
- 80% caused by gall stones - Bile flow obstruction
57
Cholecystitis Risk Factors
- Gall stones - Sickle cell disease - Smoking, alcohol, obesity
58
Cholecystitis Pain Assessment
- RUQ - under rib - Can refer to back right side - Lower part of scapula - Worse with eating/drinking - Constant or colicky
59
Cholecystitis GI Assessment
- Pain location, tenderness, guarding on palpation - N&V - Avoids deep breathing
60
Cholecystitis Physical Assessment
- Jaundice, pale stool, impaired vitamin absorption - liver - Fatty stools - pancreas
61
Murphy's Sign
- Finding for acute cholecystitis - Ask client to take & hold deep breath - Palpate right subcostal area - Pain on inspiration when hand palpates gallbladder = positive
62
Increased Bilirubin S/S
- Clay colour stool - Jaundice

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions