Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I > Week 10 Neurocognition II > Flashcards

Week 10 Neurocognition II Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Stoke

A

Disruption of perfusion of O2 & nutrients to cerebral tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Blocked vessel
Most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Bleeding
Less common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A
  • Neurological dysfunction that resolves
  • Without imaging evidence of infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Large Artery

A
  • BAD
  • Atherosclerotic plaque formation
  • Occlusion = brain perfusion interrupted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Small Artery

A
  • Emboli
  • High BP
  • Vasospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Cardiogenic Embolic

A
  • Clot from heart goes to brain
  • A fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Cryptogenic

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Left Sided Stroke Impact

A
  • Right side paralysis
  • Speech issues
  • Language issues
  • Memory loss
  • Slow & cautious
  • Right sided neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Right Sided Stroke Impact

A
  • Left sided paralysis
  • Vision issues
  • Memory loss
  • Fast & risky - impulse control
  • Left sided neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment Timeline - Ischemic

A
  • <4.5h eligible for thrombolysis
  • <6h eligible for endovascular thrombectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Imaging

A
  • Non-contrast CT/MRI
  • Diagnosis ischemic vs hemorrhagic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thrombolysis

A
  • Fibrinolytic therapy: tissue plasminogen activator
  • Given within 4.5 hours can dissolve clot
  • Anticoagulants given to prevent further clots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endovascular Thrombectomy

A

Removal of thrombus under image guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intercranial Hemorrhage

A
  • Bleeding into brain tissue
  • Due to ruptured vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding into subarachnoid space or AVM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemorrhage Results in

A
  • Blood compressing brain tissue
  • ICP increases
  • Cerebral edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke S/S

A
  • Rapid onset (compared to ischemic)
  • Severe headache
  • N/V
  • Confusion, altered LOC
  • 1 sided weakness
  • Impaired speech
  • Fixed pupils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hemorrhage Medical Interventions

A
  • Endovascular procedure
  • Surgical procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ABC Management

A
  • Swallowing
  • Head of bed 30 degrees - reduce aspiration
  • Oxygenation
  • BP
  • Fluids for perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increased ICP Management

A
  • Cerebral edema/blood in cranial cavity
  • Osmolar diuretics - mannitol
  • Increase osmolality of blood
  • Increase value in intravascular space
  • Diuretics to excrete
  • Electrolyte imbalance & seizure caution***
  • Elevate head of bed - 30 degrees
  • Low stim environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Seizure

A
  • Excessive & acute onset
  • Electrical activity of cerebral neurons
  • Causes abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, psychiatric activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seizure Pathology

A
  • Excitatory neurons releasing glutamate
  • Not enough inhibitory neurons releasing GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epilepsy

A

2 unprovoked seizures occurring 24 hrs apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Seizure Triggers

A
  • Stress
  • Trauma
  • Overexertion
  • Period/pregnancy
  • Sleep loss
  • Visual disturbances, sound, smells
  • Recreational drugs
  • Alcohol use
  • Undermedicated w/ anticonvulsants
26
Q

Seizure Stages

A
  1. Prodromal
  2. Aura
  3. Ictus
  4. Post ictus
27
Q

Prodromal Stage

A
  • Before seizure activity
  • May follow exposure to a trigger
28
Q

Prodromal Stage Symptoms

A
  • Confusion
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Headache
  • Tremor
  • Anger/mood disturbances
29
Q

Aura Stage

A
  • Warning felt before seizure
  • Focal aware seizure that precedes a generalized seizure
30
Q

Aura Stage Symptoms

A
  • Visual disturbances
  • Cognitive disturbances
31
Q

Ictus Stage

A
  • Seizure activity
  • Measure time
32
Q

Post Ictus Phase

A
  • End of seizure to return to baseline
  • Altered LOC/state of inhibition
  • Hours-days to resolve deficits
33
Q

Seizure Underlying Causes

A
  • Electrolyte & metabolic imbalances
  • Drug toxicity
  • Brain tumours
  • Central nervous system infections
34
Q

Focal Onset S/S

A
  • Jerky movements
  • Dysfunction of senses
  • BP
  • Bowel/bladder control
  • Cognition disturbances
  • Anxiety
  • Fear
35
Q

Tonic Seizure S/S

A
  • Increased muscle tone
  • LOC
  • Eyes roll back
  • Back arches
  • Cyanosis or pallor - resp muscle dysfunction
36
Q

Clonic Seizure S/S

A
  • Muscle spasms
  • Jerky movements
  • Rapid flexion-relaxation
  • Resp muscle dysfunction
37
Q

Atonic

A
  • Reduction/loss of muscle tone - collapse & limp
  • Safety risk for falls (drop attacks)
38
Q

Tonic Clonic Seizure

A

Combination of tonic & clonic S/S

39
Q

Myoclonic Seizure S/S

A
  • Rapid flexion-relaxation
  • Patient retains consciousness - impaired awareness
40
Q

Seizure Management

A
  • Suction & oxygen at bedside
  • IV access
  • Padded bedrails
  • Pillows
  • Bed in lowest position
  • Remove objects likely to cause injury
  • Med admin - standing orders
  • Time the seizure
  • Turn client to side if safe
  • Do not restrain
41
Q

Post Ictal Stage Nursing Management

A
  • Maintain side-lying in context of LOC changes
  • Suction secretions
  • Reorient to environment
  • Low stim environment
  • Frequent neuro assessment
42
Q

Status Epilepticus

A
  • Uncontrolled epilepsy, stroke, CNS infections
  • 5 minutes = higher dose of med
  • Fever
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Blood glucose imbalances
  • Alcohol withdrawal
43
Q

Anticonvulsant Meds

A
  • Routine blood work monitoring
  • Take same time everyday
  • Don’t stop abruptly
  • Can interact with one another
44
Q

Valproic Acid - Epival

A
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Treats seizure disorders
45
Q

Epival Side Effects

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Constipation
  • Increased appetite
  • NVD
  • Dizzy
  • Double vision
  • Drowsy
  • Weight gain
  • Rash
46
Q

Epival Nursing Considerations

A
  • Take at same time everyday
  • Don’t stop abruptly
  • Interacts with other seizure meds - phenytoin & carbamazepine
  • Monitor blood levels
  • Monitor liver
  • WBC/platelets
47
Q

Carbamazepine - Tegretol

A
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Treats partial seizure disorders
  • Ineffective for absent/myoclonic
48
Q

Tegretol Side Effects

A
  • Dizzy
  • Blurred vision
  • Confusion
  • Constipation
  • Drowsy
  • Nausea
49
Q

Tegretol Nursing Considerations

A
  • Take at same time everyday
  • Don’t stop abruptly
  • Interacts with other seizure meds - phenytoin & valproic acid
  • Monitor blood levels
  • Toxicity - rash/liver symptoms
50
Q

Phenytoin - Dilantin

A
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Treats partial seizure disorders
  • Ineffective for absent/myoclonic
51
Q

Dilantin Side Effects

A
  • Headache
  • Constipation
  • NV
  • Drowsy
  • Gum swelling
  • Nervousness
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Increased hair growth
  • Depression
  • Decrease HR/BP
52
Q

Dilantin Nursing Considerations

A
  • 1 hour pre meal/2 hours post-meal
  • Same time each day
  • Oral care
  • Interacts with other seizure meds - carbamazepine, valproic acid
  • Toxicity - therapeutic range 10-20
  • Suicidal ideation
  • Skin rashes
53
Q

Lorazapam - Ativan

A
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Treats seizure disorders
  • Slows CNS
54
Q

Ativan Side Effects

A
  • Dizzy
  • Confusion
  • Drowsy
  • NV
  • Agitation
  • Hyperactivity
55
Q

Ativan Nursing Considerations

A
  • Notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin
  • Place between lip/cheek for sublingual
  • Move client while admin, do not restrain
56
Q

Midazolam - Versed

A
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Treat seizure disorders
  • Slow CNS
57
Q

Versed Side Effects

A
  • Dizzy
  • Confusion
  • Drowsy
  • Fatigue
58
Q

Versed Nursing Considerations

A
  • Avoid in clients with glaucoma
  • Notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin
  • Place between lip/cheek for sublingual
  • Move client while admin, do not restrain
59
Q

Focal Resection

A

Part of brain removed

60
Q

Hemispherotomy

A

Hemispheres of brain are disconnected

61
Q

Corpus Callosotomy

A

Corpus collosum disconnected between L&R hemispheres of brain

62
Q

Vagal Nerve Stimulator

A

Implantable device stimulates vagus nerve to prevent seizures

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions