Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I > Week 10 Neurocognition II > Flashcards

Week 10 Neurocognition II Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Stoke

A

Disruption of perfusion of O2 & nutrients to cerebral tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Blocked vessel
Most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Bleeding
Less common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A
  • Neurological dysfunction that resolves
  • Without imaging evidence of infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Large Artery

A
  • BAD
  • Atherosclerotic plaque formation
  • Occlusion = brain perfusion interrupted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Small Artery

A
  • Emboli
  • High BP
  • Vasospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Cardiogenic Embolic

A
  • Clot from heart goes to brain
  • A fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ischemic Stroke - Cryptogenic

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Left Sided Stroke Impact

A
  • Right side paralysis
  • Speech issues
  • Language issues
  • Memory loss
  • Slow & cautious
  • Right sided neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Right Sided Stroke Impact

A
  • Left sided paralysis
  • Vision issues
  • Memory loss
  • Fast & risky - impulse control
  • Left sided neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment Timeline - Ischemic

A
  • <4.5h eligible for thrombolysis
  • <6h eligible for endovascular thrombectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Imaging

A
  • Non-contrast CT/MRI
  • Diagnosis ischemic vs hemorrhagic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thrombolysis

A
  • Fibrinolytic therapy: tissue plasminogen activator
  • Given within 4.5 hours can dissolve clot
  • Anticoagulants given to prevent further clots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endovascular Thrombectomy

A

Removal of thrombus under image guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intercranial Hemorrhage

A
  • Bleeding into brain tissue
  • Due to ruptured vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding into subarachnoid space or AVM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemorrhage Results in

A
  • Blood compressing brain tissue
  • ICP increases
  • Cerebral edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke S/S

A
  • Rapid onset (compared to ischemic)
  • Severe headache
  • N/V
  • Confusion, altered LOC
  • 1 sided weakness
  • Impaired speech
  • Fixed pupils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hemorrhage Medical Interventions

A
  • Endovascular procedure
  • Surgical procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ABC Management

A
  • Swallowing
  • Head of bed 30 degrees - reduce aspiration
  • Oxygenation
  • BP
  • Fluids for perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increased ICP Management

A
  • Cerebral edema/blood in cranial cavity
  • Osmolar diuretics - mannitol
  • Increase osmolality of blood
  • Increase value in intravascular space
  • Diuretics to excrete
  • Electrolyte imbalance & seizure caution***
  • Elevate head of bed - 30 degrees
  • Low stim environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Seizure

A
  • Excessive & acute onset
  • Electrical activity of cerebral neurons
  • Causes abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, psychiatric activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seizure Pathology

A
  • Excitatory neurons releasing glutamate
  • Not enough inhibitory neurons releasing GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epilepsy

A

2 unprovoked seizures occurring 24 hrs apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Seizure Triggers
- Stress - Trauma - Overexertion - Period/pregnancy - Sleep loss - Visual disturbances, sound, smells - Recreational drugs - Alcohol use - Undermedicated w/ anticonvulsants
26
Seizure Stages
1. Prodromal 2. Aura 3. Ictus 4. Post ictus
27
Prodromal Stage
- Before seizure activity - May follow exposure to a trigger
28
Prodromal Stage Symptoms
- Confusion - Anxiety - Irritability - Headache - Tremor - Anger/mood disturbances
29
Aura Stage
- Warning felt before seizure - Focal aware seizure that precedes a generalized seizure
30
Aura Stage Symptoms
- Visual disturbances - Cognitive disturbances
31
Ictus Stage
- Seizure activity - Measure time
32
Post Ictus Phase
- End of seizure to return to baseline - Altered LOC/state of inhibition - Hours-days to resolve deficits
33
Seizure Underlying Causes
- Electrolyte & metabolic imbalances - Drug toxicity - Brain tumours - Central nervous system infections
34
Focal Onset S/S
- Jerky movements - Dysfunction of senses - BP - Bowel/bladder control - Cognition disturbances - Anxiety - Fear
35
Tonic Seizure S/S
- Increased muscle tone - LOC - Eyes roll back - Back arches - Cyanosis or pallor - resp muscle dysfunction
36
Clonic Seizure S/S
- Muscle spasms - Jerky movements - Rapid flexion-relaxation - Resp muscle dysfunction
37
Atonic
- Reduction/loss of muscle tone - collapse & limp - Safety risk for falls (drop attacks)
38
Tonic Clonic Seizure
Combination of tonic & clonic S/S
39
Myoclonic Seizure S/S
- Rapid flexion-relaxation - Patient retains consciousness - impaired awareness
40
Seizure Management
- Suction & oxygen at bedside - IV access - Padded bedrails - Pillows - Bed in lowest position - Remove objects likely to cause injury - Med admin - standing orders - Time the seizure - Turn client to side if safe - Do not restrain
41
Post Ictal Stage Nursing Management
- Maintain side-lying in context of LOC changes - Suction secretions - Reorient to environment - Low stim environment - Frequent neuro assessment
42
Status Epilepticus
- Uncontrolled epilepsy, stroke, CNS infections - 5 minutes = higher dose of med - Fever - Electrolyte imbalances - Blood glucose imbalances - Alcohol withdrawal
43
Anticonvulsant Meds
- Routine blood work monitoring - Take same time everyday - Don't stop abruptly - Can interact with one another
44
Valproic Acid - Epival
- Anticonvulsant - Treats seizure disorders
45
Epival Side Effects
- Abdominal pain - Constipation - Increased appetite - NVD - Dizzy - Double vision - Drowsy - Weight gain - Rash
46
Epival Nursing Considerations
- Take at same time everyday - Don't stop abruptly - Interacts with other seizure meds - phenytoin & carbamazepine - Monitor blood levels - Monitor liver - WBC/platelets
47
Carbamazepine - Tegretol
- Anticonvulsant - Treats partial seizure disorders - Ineffective for absent/myoclonic
48
Tegretol Side Effects
- Dizzy - Blurred vision - Confusion - Constipation - Drowsy - Nausea
49
Tegretol Nursing Considerations
- Take at same time everyday - Don't stop abruptly - Interacts with other seizure meds - phenytoin & valproic acid - Monitor blood levels - Toxicity - rash/liver symptoms
50
Phenytoin - Dilantin
- Anticonvulsant - Treats partial seizure disorders - Ineffective for absent/myoclonic
51
Dilantin Side Effects
- Headache - Constipation - NV - Drowsy - Gum swelling - Nervousness - Sleep disturbances - Increased hair growth - Depression - Decrease HR/BP
52
Dilantin Nursing Considerations
- 1 hour pre meal/2 hours post-meal - Same time each day - Oral care - Interacts with other seizure meds - carbamazepine, valproic acid - Toxicity - therapeutic range 10-20 - Suicidal ideation - Skin rashes
53
Lorazapam - Ativan
- Anticonvulsant - Treats seizure disorders - Slows CNS
54
Ativan Side Effects
- Dizzy - Confusion - Drowsy - NV - Agitation - Hyperactivity
55
Ativan Nursing Considerations
- Notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin - Place between lip/cheek for sublingual - Move client while admin, do not restrain
56
Midazolam - Versed
- Anticonvulsant - Treat seizure disorders - Slow CNS
57
Versed Side Effects
- Dizzy - Confusion - Drowsy - Fatigue
58
Versed Nursing Considerations
- Avoid in clients with glaucoma - Notice effect in 5-10 mins of admin - Place between lip/cheek for sublingual - Move client while admin, do not restrain
59
Focal Resection
Part of brain removed
60
Hemispherotomy
Hemispheres of brain are disconnected
61
Corpus Callosotomy
Corpus collosum disconnected between L&R hemispheres of brain
62
Vagal Nerve Stimulator
Implantable device stimulates vagus nerve to prevent seizures

3910 Health Promotion & Caring: Client's with Health Challenges I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions