Week 8, 9, & 10

Question 1

Allows researchers to describe or summarize their data

Answer 1

Univariate descriptive statistics

Question 2

Used to estimate a parameter and to determine whether the results of statistical tests based on the sample drawn from a population can be generalized to that population

Answer 2

Inferential statistics

Question 3

A statistic used to estimate a parameter based on the data from the sample to say something about a population parameter that is unknown

Answer 3

Confidence interval

Question 4

A way of quantifying the size of difference between two groups

Answer 4

Effect size

Question 5

Involves assigning a numerical value to each category of each variable in your study

Answer 5

Coding

Question 6

Used to describe or summarize the data related to a specific variable of interest

Answer 6

Univariate descriptive analyses

Question 7

Shows the researcher the number of observations in each category of the variable of interest

Answer 7

Frequency distribution

Question 8

A measure of symmetry or lack thereof

Answer 8

Skewness

Question 9

A measure of whether the data are heavy-tailed or light-tailed relative to a normal distribution

Answer 9

Kurtosis

Question 10

Derived by adding all the individual scores, and then dividing the answer by the total number of scores

Answer 10

Mean

Question 11

The middle score in the frequency distribution

Answer 11

Median

Question 12

The most frequently occurring score in the frequency distribution

Answer 12

Mode

Question 13

The distance between the lowest and highest scores

Answer 13

Range

Question 14

A single, numerical value indicating how scores distribute themselves around the mean and the distance of the scores from the mean

Answer 14

Standard deviation

Question 15

Used to determine the association between an interval or ratio (a scale) independent variable and an interval or ratio (a scale) dependent variable

Answer 15

Pearson’s correlation

Question 16

The normal distribution of scores on the independent and dependent variable

Answer 16

Assumption of normality

Question 17

The variance around the regression line is the same for all values of the independent variable

Answer 17

Homoscedasticity

Question 18

Everyone in the population to whom you want to generalize the results had an equal chance of being included in the sample

Answer 18

Simple random sampling

Question 19

A relationship where the independent and dependent variable change together but not at a constant rate

Answer 19

Monotonic relationship

Question 20

A test conducted when researchers are examining the association between an independent and a dependent variable, where both are measured on the nominal level

Answer 20

Chi-square test of independence

Question 21

Appropriate to use when you have more than one independent variable (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and one dependent variable (interval or ratio)

Answer 21

Multiple regression analysis

Question 22

The independent variables should not be too highly correlated

Answer 22

Absence of multicollinearity

Question 23

A way of turning categories associated with a nominal variable into something a regression can treat as having a high and low score

Answer 23

Dummy coding

Question 24

An inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a statistical significant difference between the mean in two groups, where both the means and standard deviations are estimated from the data

Answer 24

Independent-sample t-test

Question 25

An inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the observations of the dependent variable, which was assessed twice

Answer 25

Dependent-sample t-test

Question 26

The purpose of this is to assess for differences between the means for three or more groups

Answer 26

One way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Question 27

This is used when there is only one independent variable and two or more dependent variables

Answer 27

One way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

Question 28

Produces results indicating that there are true differences between groups, when no such differences exists

Answer 28

Type I error

Question 29

Produces results indicating that there are no differences between study groups when really there are true group differences

Answer 29

Type II error