Week 8 Flashcards
-crine
to secrete or separate
Hormone
greek term meaning “impulse” or “to set in motion”
pituitary gland
located at base of brain just below hypothalamus. AKA hypophysis. Master gland - secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands.
hypothalamus
secretes releasing and inhibiting factors that affect the pituitary gland. produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
infundibulum
funnel-shaped passage connecting the hypothalamus to pituitary gland
adenohypophis
anterior (cranial) lobe of pituitary gland. releases indirect-acting hormones
indirect-acting hormones
cause target organ to produce second hormone
neurohypophis
posterior lobe of pituitary. responds to neurologic stimulus and does not produce hormones, but does store and secrete them.
direct-acting hormones
released by neurohypophis. produce desired effect directly in target organ
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH. augments growth and secretions of thyroid gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH. augments growth and secretions of adrenal cortex
follicle-stimulating hormone
FSH. augments secretion of estrogen and egg growth in females/sperm in males.
luteinizing hormone
LH. augments ovulation and acids in maintenance of pregnancy.
gonadotropic hormone
FSH and LH included in this category.
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
ICSH. stimulates testosterone secretion in males.
prolactin
LTH. augments milk secretion and influences maternal behavior. aka lactogenic hormone or luteotropin.
growth hormone
GH. accelerates body growth. aka somatotropin
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
MSH. augments skin pigmentation.
antidiuretic hormone
ADH. maintains water balance by augmenting water reabsorption in kidneys. aka vasopressin
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during parturition and milk letdown from mammary ducts
Thyroid gland
located on either side of larynx. regulates metabolism, iodine uptake, and blood calcium levels.
triiodothyronine
T3. thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism.
thyroxine
T4. thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
calcitonin
thyroid hormone that promotes absorption of calcium from blood into bones
parathyroid glands
4 glands located on surface of thyroid gland. secrete parathormone (PTH) which regulates calcium and phosphorus.
adrenal glands/suprarenal glands
cranial to each kidney. regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, and injury response.
adrenal cortex
outer portion of gland
adrenal medulla
inner portion of gland
steroid
classification of adrenal cortex hormones. specific chemical structure of carbon atoms in four interlocking rings.
mineralocorticoids
group of corticosteroids that regulates electrolyte and water balance by affecting ion transport to kidney
aldosterone
principal mineralocorticoid
