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Vett 118 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

urea

A

major waste product of protein metabolism

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal environment with proper balance of water, electrolytes and acids

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3
Q

home/o

A

unchanging

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4
Q

retroperitoneal

A

outside or behind the lining of the abdominal cavity. Where kidneys are located.

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5
Q

cortex

A

outer layer of kidney

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6
Q

medulla

A

inner layer of kidney

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7
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

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8
Q

glomerulus

A

part of nephron - cluster of capillaries that filter blood

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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

part of nephron - cup shaped structure that contains glomerulus.

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10
Q

renal corpuscle

A

part of nephron - collective term for glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together

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11
Q

proximal convoluted tubules

A

part of nephron - hollow tubes located between bowman’s capsule and loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption

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12
Q

loop of Henle

A

part of nephron - U shaped turn in convoluted tubule located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules - involved in reabsorption. Has ascending and descending loop.

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13
Q

distal convoluted tubules

A

part of nephron - hollow tubes located between loops of Henle and collecting tubules - involved in secretion

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14
Q

collecting tubules

A

part of nephron - hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis.

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15
Q

glomerul/o

A

to wind into a ball

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16
Q

hilus

A

point of attachment or depression - concave part of kidney

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17
Q

calyx/calix

A

cuplike organ

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18
Q

pyel/o

A

pelvis

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19
Q

renal pelvis

A

area of kidney where nephrons collect urine before entering the ureters.

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20
Q

ureters

A

narrow tubes that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

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21
Q

trigone

A

triangular portion at the base of the urinary bladder where ureters enter.

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22
Q

micturition

A

voluntary controlled urination

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23
Q

urethral meatus

A

external opening of the urethra

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24
Q

turbid

A

cloudy

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25
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone produced by kidney that stimulates rbc production in bone marro

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26
Q

antidiuretic

A

hormone released by posterior pituitary gland that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water. Abbreviated ADH.

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27
Q

aldosterone

A

hormone secreted by adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via reabsorption of sodium

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28
Q

cystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed via catheter.

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29
Q

retrograde

A

going backward

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30
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

radiographic study of kidney and ureters in which a dye is injected into a vein to define structures more clearly. Abbreviated IVP

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31
Q

pneumocystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after air has been placed in the bladder via urethral catheter

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32
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which contrast material is placed directly in the urinary bladder

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33
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of the major blood protein in urine

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34
Q

anuria

A

complete suppression of urine production

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35
Q

bateriuria

A

presence of bacteria in urine

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36
Q

crystalluria

A

urine with naturally produced angular solid of definitive form (crystals)

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37
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

38
Q

glucosuria/glycosuria

A

glucose in urine

39
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

40
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in urine (produced during increased fat metabolism)

41
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

42
Q

oliguria

A

scanty or little urine

43
Q

pollakiuria

A

frequent urination

44
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

45
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

46
Q

stranguria

A

slow or painful urination

47
Q

urobilinogen

A

test used more commonly in human medicine to evaluate liver disease. Less useful in veterinary medicine

48
Q

ketones

A

found in urine with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Ketones result when metabolism shifts from carbohydrates to lipids.

49
Q

bilirbin

A

formed in breakdown process of hemoglobin. Found in urine with liver disease or excessive blood breakdown.

50
Q

Protein in urine

A

associated with disease of the glomerulus or with inflammation of urinary tract such as bladder infection.

51
Q

blood in urine

A

caused by bladder infections, stones, tumors, or trauma.

52
Q

pH of urine

A

influenced by diet or disease. Acidic is typical with meat diet or acidosis. Basic is typical with cereal grain diet, uti’s, and alkalosis.

53
Q

azotemia

A

presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood

54
Q

lith/o

A

stone or calculus

55
Q

casts

A

fibrous or protein materials found in urine with renal disease or other abnormality

56
Q

cystalgia/cystodynia

A

urinary bladder pain

57
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of urinary bladder

58
Q

cystocele

A

displacement of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall

59
Q

epispadias

A

abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

60
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney involving the glomeruli

61
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of an obstruction to urine flow

62
Q

hydroureter

A

distention of the ureter with urine caused by a blockage

63
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the ventral surface of the penis

64
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation within the wall of the urinary bladder

65
Q

-lithiasis

A

suffix meaning the presence of stones or calculi

66
Q

nephrectasis

A

distention of the kidneys

67
Q

-ecstasis

A

distention or stretching

68
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone

69
Q

mephromalacia

A

abnormal softening of the kidney

70
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of the kidney

71
Q

prolapse

A

downard displacement of body organ

72
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

73
Q

pyelitis

A

inflamation of renal pelvis

74
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

75
Q

polyuria

A

elevated urine production

76
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst/drinking

77
Q

diuresis

A

elevated excretion of urine

78
Q

uremia

A

waste products in the blood. seen with many types of kidney disease

79
Q

renal infarction

A

obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys

80
Q

ureterectasis

A

distention of the ureter

81
Q

ureterolith

A

stone in the ureter

82
Q

urethrolithiasis

A

disorder characterized by the presence of urethral stones

83
Q

urethrostenosis

A

stricture (abnormal band of tissue narrowing a passage) of the urethra

84
Q

urolith/cystolith

A

urinary bladder stone

85
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

86
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall

87
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

88
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and urinary bladder

89
Q

dialysis

A

procedure to remove blood waste products when the kidneys are no longer functioning

90
Q

lithotripsy

A

destruction of stone using ultrasonic waves traveling through water

91
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

Vett 118 (10 decks)

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