Week 7 Flashcards
epidermis
outermost layer of skin
squamous epithelium
flat, platelike cells at base layer of epidermis
keratin
protein that provides skin with waterproofing properties
melanocytes
cells in base layer of epidermis which produce and contain black pigment, melanin
dermis/corium
skin layer below epidermis. composed of blood, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and the accessory organs of the skin.
stratum basale/stratum germinativum
deepest or basal layer of epidermis that continually multiplies to replace cells lost from surface.
cuboidal
cubelike
stratum spinosum or prickle/spinous layer
layer of epidermis above stratum basale, which is thickest in hairless regions and areas of high wear and tear.
Keratinization
development of the hard, protein constituent of hair, nails, epidermis, horny structures, and tooth enamel. Begins in stratum spinosum
desquamation
process in which cell organelles gradually dissolve
stratum granulosum
layer above stratum spinosum. Cells contain keratin granules in their cytoplasm
stratum lucidum
layer above stratum granulosum, which is clear because of the accumulation of keratin fibers in cell cytoplasm. Not present in all species, but when present, found in areas of high wear/tear such as foot pads.
stratum corneum/horny layer
most superficial layer of epidermis, consists of layers of dead, highly keratinized, and flattened cells.
fibroblasts
fiber producing cells. mostly produce collagen.
collagen
tough, flexible, fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
histiocytes/tissue macrophages
phagocytic cells that engulf foreign substances
mast cells
cells that respond to insult by producing and releasing histamine and heparin
histamine
chemical released in response to allergins that cause itching
heparin
anticoagulant chemical released in response to injury
subcutaneous layer/hypodermis
located deep under dermis. composed of connective tissue. contains large amount of fat/lipid.
adipocytes
fat cells that produce lipid
sebaceous glands
aka oil glands. produce oily substance called sebum
holocrine glands
glands in which the secreting cells and their secretions make up the discharge produced. i.e. sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands. help regulate body temp
eccrine glands
sweat glands that produce and secrete water, salt, and waste. Open directly onto skin surface through pores
apocrine glands
produce and secrete a strong smelling substance into the hair follicles.
hidrosis
production and excretion of sweat
hidr/o
sweat
hyperhydrosis
excessive sweating
ceruminous glands
modified sweat glands located in the ear canal
cerumen
waxy substance - earwax.
pil/o, trich/o
hair
cuticle, cortex, medulla
components of hair shaft
follicles
tubes that hold hair fibers. expands in dermis to form a hair bulb.
arrector pili
tiny muscle attached to hair follicle that causes the hair to stand erect in response to cold temperature or stress
piloerection
condition of hair standing straight up
guard/primary hairs/topcoat
tail and mane hair, bristly hair of swine, most fur hair
secondary hairs/undercoat
finer, softer, and wavy hair. Include wool, and wavy hair near skin of rabbits
tactile hair/vibrissae
long, brittle, sensitive hairs. i.e. whiskers
cilia
thin, short hairs, i.e., eyelashes
wall
nail that is located dorsal and lateral to distal phalanx in hooved animals
tori
foot pads
digitigrade
animals that walk on their toes, with only the digital and metacarpal/metatarsal pads making contact with the ground. i.e., dogs and cats
plantigrade
animals that have well developed foot pads, such as primates.
coronary band/coronet
region on horse where hoof meets the skin. like the human cuticle.
periople
on horse hoof, flaky tissue band located at the junction of the coronary band and the hoof wall. extends distally and widens at the heel to cover the bulbs of heel.
bars
raised v-shaped structure on ventral surface of horse hoof located on either side of frog
frog
v shaped pad of soft horn located in central region of ventral hoof surface on horse. when weight is put on the frog, it forces blood circulation through foot.
horns
permanent structures that grow continuously after birth. grow from frontal skull bones and originate from keratinized epithelium
cornification
conversion of epithelium into horn or karatin.
polled
breeds that are naturally hornless
antlers
not permanent structures and are shed and regrown annually.
exofoliative cytology
scraping of cells from a tissue and examination under microscope
purified protein derivative (PPD)
tuberculosis test
skin scrape
looks for mites.
caseous
cheese-like
alopec/o
baldness
atopy
allergic dermatitis
hypersensitization
increased response to allergen
bullae
multiple contained skin elevations filled with fluid that are greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
carbuncle
collection of furuncles
cellulitis
inflammation of connective tissue
diffuse
widespread
comedo
blackhead or buildup of sebum and karatin in pore
contusion
injury that does not break the skin; characterized by pain, swelling and discoloration
crust
collection of dried sebum and cellular debris
dermatocellulitis
inflammation of the skin and connective tissue
dermatomycosis/dermatophytosis
abnomral skin condition caused by superficial fungus
discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
canine autoimmune disease in which the bridge of the nose (and sometimes face and lips) exhibit depigmentation, erythmea, scaling and erosions.
dyskeratosis
abnormal alteration in keratinization
ecchymosis
purplish non-elevated patch of bleeding into the skin. aka bruise
ecthyma/soremouth
skin infection with shallow eruptions caused by a pox virus
eosinophilic granuloma complex
collective name for autoimmune lesion of eosinophilic ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, and linear granuloma found in cats and rarely in dogs.
eosinophilic ulcer/rodent ulcer
located on lip and oral mucosa of cats
eosinophilic plaque
raised pruritic lesion on ventral abdomen of cats
linear granuloma
located in a line usually on the caudal aspect of the hindlimb of cats
erythema
skin redness
exanthema
cutaneous rash caused by fever or disease
excoriation
skin surface injury caused by self trauma
feline miliary dermatitis
skin disease of cats in which multiple crusts and bumps are present predominantly on the dorsum
fistula
abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs
FAD
flea allergy dermatitis
Footrot
bacterial hoof disease that spreads from interdigital skin to the deeper foot structures
furuncle
localized skin infection in a gland or hair follicle. aka boil
granuloma
small area of healing tissue
hemangioma
benign tumor composed of newly formed blood vessels
hyperkeratosis/acanthokeratodermia
abnormal condition of increased growth of the horny layer of skin
pediculosis
lice infestation
chiggers
infestation of mite larvae resulting in severe pruritis
acariasis
infestation with ticks or mites
myiasis
infestation by fly larvae
keratosis
abnormal condition of epidermal overgrowth and thickening
lesion
pathologic change of tissue
macule/macula
flat, discolored lesion less than 1 cm in diameter
amelanotic melanoma
unpigmented malignant melanoma
onychomycosis
superficial fungal infection of the paw
pallor
skin paleness
papule
small, raised skin lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter
parakeratosis
lesion characterized by thick scales, cracking, and red raw surface caused by the persistence of keratinocyte noclei in the horny layer of skin
paronychia
bacterial or viral infection of the claw
patch
localized skin color change greater than 1 cm in diameter
penphigus
group of immune mediated skin diseases characterized by vesicles, bullae, and ulcers. blister like
pemphigus vulgaris
most common form of pemphigus. consists of shallow ulcerations frequently involving the oral mucosa and mucocutaneous junctions
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
plaque
solid raised lesion greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
pododermatitis/bumblefoot/sore hocks
foot infection, esp in birds, small mammals, or rodents
polyp
growth from mucous membranes
pruritus
itching
purpura
condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin that causes bruising. petechia and ecchymosis.
pustule
small, circumscribed, pus-filled skin elevation
circumscribed
contained within a limited area
pyoderma
skin disease containing pus
purulent
containing or producing pus
juvenile pyoderma/puppy strangles
skin disease in puppies that progresses to a systemic disease characterized by fever, anorexia, and enlarged and abscessing lymph nodes
sarcoma
malignant neoplasm of soft tissue arising from connective tissue
sebaceous cyst
closed sac of yellow fatty material
seborrhea
skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum (oil)
decubital ulcers
erosions of skin or mucous membranes as a result of prolonged pressure. aka bedsores
urticaria
localized areas of swelling that itch. aka hives
verrucae
warts
vesicle
contained skin elevation filled with fluid that is greater than 0.5 cm in diameter. aka blister, bulla, or bleb
wheal
smooth, slightly raised swollen area that itches
debridement
removal of tissue and foreign material to aid healing
