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Vett 118 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary system

A

GI system

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2
Q

aliment/o

A

combining form for nourishment

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3
Q

stomat/o

A

combining form for mouth

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4
Q

gnath/o

A

combining form for jaw

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5
Q

prognathia

A

elongated/overshot mandible

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6
Q

brachygnathia

A

shortened mandible

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7
Q

cheil/o

A

combining form for lips

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

combining form for cheek

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9
Q

rugae

A

specialized mucous membrane that contains irregular folds. in hard palate and stomach

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10
Q

palat/o

A

combining form for palate

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11
Q

papillae

A

elevations on the dorsal side of the tongue

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12
Q

filiform

A

threadlike

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13
Q

fungiform

A

mushroom shaped

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14
Q

vallate

A

cup shaped

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15
Q

frenulum

A

band of connective tissue un ventral surface of tongue

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16
Q

gloss/o

A

combining form for tongue

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17
Q

dentition

A

refers to the teeth as a whole

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18
Q

deciduous/primary dentition

A

temporary set of teeth in young animals

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19
Q

incisor

A

front tooth used for cutting. Abbreviated “I”

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20
Q

canine

A

long, pointed bonelike tooth (aka cuspid, fang). Abbreviated “C”

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21
Q

premolar

A

cheek tooth found between canine teeth and molars. AKA Bicuspid because they have 2 points. Abbreviated “P”

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22
Q

molar

A

most caudally located cheek tooth used for grinding. Abbreviated “M”

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23
Q

dental formula

A

shorthand method representing the type of tooth and number of each tooth.

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24
Q

cheek teeth

A

molars and premolars

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25
Q

needle teeth

A

deciduous canines and third incisors of pigs

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26
Q

wolf teeth

A

rudimentary premolar 1 in horses

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27
Q

milk teeth

A

first set of teeth

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28
Q

tusks

A

permanent canine teeth of pigs

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29
Q

carnassial tooth

A

large, shearing cheek tooth. Upper P4 and lower M1 in dogs/ Upper P3 and lower M1 in cats.

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30
Q

fighting teeth

A

set of six teeth in llamas that include upper vestigial incisors and upper and lower canines on each side

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31
Q

triadan system

A

numbering system for teeth based on 3 digit numbers: first digit represents quadrant starting with upper right to upper left to lower left to lower right; the second and third digits represent the individual teeth starting at 01 from the rostral midline numbering up from rostral to caudal.

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32
Q

selennodont

A

animls with teeth that have crescents on their grinding surfaces (ie ruminants)

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33
Q

lophodont

A

animals with teeth that have ridged occlusal surfaces (ie equine)

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34
Q

bunodont

A

animlas with teeth that have worn, rounded surfaces (ie swine)

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35
Q

hypsodont

A

animals with continuously erupting teeth (ie cheek teeth of ruminants)

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36
Q

pleurodont

A

animals with teeth attached by one side of the inner jqw surface (ie lizards)

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37
Q

brachydont

A

animals with permanently rooted teeth (ie carnivores)

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38
Q

cementum

A

bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

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39
Q

dentin

A

connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp

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40
Q

tooth pulp

A

contains nerves blood vessels and loose connective tissue

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41
Q

apical foramen

A

hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth

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42
Q

periodontia

A

structures that support the teeth

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43
Q

alveoli

A

sockets where teeth are situated

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44
Q

alveolar bone

A

surrounds the roots of the teeth

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45
Q

periodontal ligament

A

fibrous structure that holds the tooth in the alveolus. contains collagen fibers anchored to the cementum and the alveolar bone

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46
Q

gingiva

A

mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining

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47
Q

gingival sulcus

A

space that surrounds the tooth, located between the tooth and gingival margin

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48
Q

zygomatic salivary glands

A

found medial to the zygomatic arch

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49
Q

parotid salivary glands

A

found near the ear

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50
Q

sialaden/o & sial/o

A

combining forms for salivary glands

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51
Q

endodontics

A

branch of dentistry that involves treatment of diseases that affect the tooth pulp

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52
Q

exodontics

A

branch of dentistry that involves extraction of teeth and related procedures

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53
Q

oral surgery

A

branch of dentistry that involves surgical correction of the jaw, gums, and inside of mouth

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54
Q

orthodontics

A

branch of dentistry that involves the guidance and correction of malocclusion

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55
Q

periodontics

A

branch of dentistry that studies and treats the diseases of tooth supporting structures

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56
Q

pharynx

A

cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. AKA throat

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57
Q

Ingesta

A

material taken in orally

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58
Q

ptyalism/hypersialosis

A

hypersalivation

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59
Q

deglutition

A

process of swallowing

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60
Q

esophagus

A

collapsible muscular tube connecting oral cavity to stomach. Located dorsal to the trachea.

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61
Q

celi/o

A

a combining form for abdomen

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62
Q

lapar/o

A

combining form for abdomen and flank

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63
Q

lesser omentum

A

fold of peritoneum that connects stomach to other visceral organs

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64
Q

greater omentum

A

fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall

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65
Q

monogastric

A

animals with one true, or glandular, stomach.

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66
Q

glandular stomach

A

one that produces secretions for digestion

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67
Q

ruminant vs. monogastric

A

ruminant have three forestomachs - rumen, reticulum, and omasum; actually outpouchings of the esophagus.

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68
Q

cardia

A

stomach entrance area located near esophagus

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69
Q

fundus

A

base of an organ - the cranial, rounded part in stomach

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70
Q

stomach body

A

aka corpus. rounded base or bottom - main part of organ

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71
Q

antrum

A

caudal part of stomach, which is the constricted part that joins the pylorus.

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72
Q

pylorus

A

narrow passage between the stomach and duodenum

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73
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

muscle ring that controls flow of material from stomach to the duodenum of small intestine

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74
Q

pylor/o

A

“gatekeeper”

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75
Q

rugae

A

folds present in the mucosa of the stomach; contain glands that produce gastric juices and mucus

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76
Q

cud

A

in ruminants, regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid and rumen organisms.

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77
Q

rumen

A

largest compartment of the ruminant stomach - serves as a fermentation vat. Divided into ventral and dorsal sac. AKA paunch.

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78
Q

reticulum

A

most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach - aka honeycomb because it is lined with a mucous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges

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79
Q

omasum

A

third compartment of ruminant stomach. Has short, blunt papillae that grind food and squeeze fluid out before it enters the abomasum

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80
Q

abomasum

A

fourth compartment of ruminant stomach - glandular portion that secretes digestive enzymes. AKA true stomach.

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81
Q

mucosa

A

innermost lining of the digestive system

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82
Q

submucosa

A

thick layer surrounding mucosa containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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83
Q

muscularis

A

muscular layers containing smooth muscle responsible for movements of digestive tract. Arranged in two layers

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84
Q

serosa

A

connective tissue layer covering the digestive tract. Secretes serous fluid for lubrication so abdominal organs move smoothly against each other without friction.

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85
Q

mesentary

A

fold of peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to the dorsal abdominal wall

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86
Q

rumination

A

process of bringing up food material from the stomach to the mouth for further chewing. 4 steps: regurgitation, remastication and resalivation, redeglutition.

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87
Q

duodenum

A

proximal or first portion of the small intestine, nearest the mouth.

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88
Q

jejunum

A

middle portion of the small intestine

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89
Q

ileum

A

distal or last portion of the small intestine. AKA aboral portion.

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90
Q

chyle

A

milky fluid resulting from digestion in the small intestine. Absorbed through the intestinal wall and travels via the thoracic duct and into the veins.

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91
Q

cecum

A

first part of large intestine. Pouch in which food enters from the ileum.

92
Q

colon

A

middle part of large intestine, divided into transverse and descending portions.

93
Q

haustra

A

sacculations in cecum and colon of horses and pigs - act as buckets and prolong retention of material so microbes have additional time for digestion.

94
Q

rectum

A

caudal portion of large intestine

95
Q

anus

A

caudal opening of intestinal tract controlled by 2 sphincter muscles.

96
Q

proct/o

A

combining form referring to the anus and rectum collectively

97
Q

pelvic flexure

A

bend in the colon near the pelvis

98
Q

glycogen

A

excess glucose removed by the liver and stored

99
Q

sinusoids

100
Q

parenchyma

A

functional elements of a tissue or organ

101
Q

bile

A

produced by liver; travels down hepatic duct to cystic duct to alkalinize the small intestine and aid in fat digestion.

102
Q

emulsification

A

fat digestion

103
Q

bilirubin

A

a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin released by the liver in bile

104
Q

gallbladder

A

sac embedded in the liver that stores bile for later use.

105
Q

chol/e

A

combining form of bile or gall

106
Q

doch/o

A

receptacle

107
Q

cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

108
Q

choledochus

A

common bile duct

109
Q

pancreas

A

elongated gland located near the cranial portion of the duodenum. Has endocrine and exocrine functions.

110
Q

Trypsin

A

pancreatic enzyme that digest protein

111
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme that digests fat

112
Q

amylase

A

pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates

113
Q

enzymes

A

substances that chemically change another substance. Typically end in -ase

114
Q

Anabolism

A

building of body cells and substances

115
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down of body cells or substances

116
Q

metabolism

A

the process involved in the body’s use of nutrients

117
Q

villi

A

small hairlike projections in the small intestine where absorption of nutrients occurs

118
Q

crypts

A

blind sacs or valleys caused by villi

119
Q

prehension

A

grasping of food - collecting of food in the oral cavity

120
Q

peristalsis

A

series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscles

121
Q

protease

A

stomach enzyme

122
Q

chyme

A

semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach

123
Q

segmentation

A

process of mixing food in small intestine. Delays movement of ingesta

124
Q

ballottement

A

diagnostic technique of hitting or tapping the wall of a fluid filled structure to bounce a solid structure against a wall. Used for pregnancy diagnosis and determination of abdominal contents

125
Q

barium

A

contrast material used for radiographic studies

126
Q

preprandial

A

before a meal

127
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

128
Q

endoscope

A

generic term for tubelike instrument w/ lights and mirrors used to examine the body/organs internally

129
Q

hemoccult

A

test for hidden blood in stool

130
Q

Occult

131
Q

achalasia

A

inability to relax the smooth muscle of gi tract

132
Q

adontia

A

absence of teeth

133
Q

aerophagia

A

swallowing of air

134
Q

anal sacculitis

A

inflammation of anal sacs.

135
Q

inspissation

A

process of rendering dry or thickened by evaporation. Used to describe anal sac fluid in animals with anal sacculitis.

136
Q

ascariasis

A

parasitic infestation with roundworms of the genus Ascaris

137
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

138
Q

atresia

A

occlusion or absence of normal body opening or tubular organ

139
Q

ruminal tympany

A

gas accumulation in the rumen

140
Q

borborygmus

A

gas movement in the GI tract that produces rumbling noise

141
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding of teeth

142
Q

cachexia

A

general ill health and malnutrition

143
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gall bladder

144
Q

cirrhosis

A

degenerative disease that disturbs the structure and function of the liver.

145
Q

cirrh/p

A

tawny, orange yellow color

146
Q

colic

A

severe abdominal pain; common in horses

147
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of colon

148
Q

coprophagia

A

ingestion of fecal material

149
Q

corprophagic therapy

A

feeding a suspension of fecal pellets from a healthy animal to an ill animal. Used in some animal species (ie guinea pigs) to treat GI disease.

150
Q

cribbing

A

vice of equine in which an object is grasped between the teeth, pressure is applied, and air is inhaled.

151
Q

dental caries

A

decay and decalcification of teeth, producing a hole in the tooth

152
Q

displaced abomasum

A

disease of ruminants in which the fourth stomach becomes trapped under the rumen. Abbreviated DA or LDA or RDA

153
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a pouch or pouches occurring in the wall of a tubular organ

154
Q

dyschezia

A

difficulty defacating

155
Q

dysentery

A

number of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine abdominal pain and diarrhea

156
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing or eating

157
Q

emesis

A

forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. Vomiting

158
Q

Per os

A

by mouth. Abbreviated PO. Opposite is NPO.

159
Q

enterocolitis

A

inflammation of the small intestine and large intestine

160
Q

epulis

A

benign tumor arising from periodontal mucous membranes

161
Q

eructation

A

belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

162
Q

eviscerate

A

remove or expose internal organs

163
Q

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

metabolic disease in which the pancreas does not secrete adequate amounts of digestive enzymes and is associated with weight loss, fatty stools, and borborygmus. Abbreviated EPI

164
Q

fecalith/coprolith

A

stonelike fecal mass

165
Q

gastric dilation volvulus

A

condition usually seen in deep-chested canines in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and twists on itself. Abbreviated GDV

166
Q

gingival hyperplasia

A

overgrowth of gingiva characterized by firm, nonpainful swellings associated with the gingiva

167
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

168
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

169
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of bloody stool

170
Q

hemoperitoneum

A

blood in the peritoneum

171
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of the liver

172
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

173
Q

hydrops/dropsy

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or a body cavity.

174
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the ileum

175
Q

ileus

A

stoppage of intestinal peristalsis

176
Q

impaction

A

obstruction of an area, usually when feed is too dry

177
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

group of chronic GI disorders that are characterized microscopically by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lining of the digestive tract. Abbreviated IBD

178
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of bowel through the inguinal canal. Seen in groin.

179
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part.

180
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

process in which all of an animal’s nutritional requirements are met through a nutrutional liquid administered intravenously. Abbreviated TPN

181
Q

malocclusion

A

abnormal contact between teeth.

182
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stools containing digested blood. Suggests a bleeding problem in the upper GI tract.

183
Q

oronasal fistula

A

abnormal opening between nasal cavity and oral cavity. May be congenital, traumatic, or caused by dental disease

184
Q

palatoshisis

A

congenital fissure of the roof of the mouth that may involve the upper lip, hard palate, and soft palate. AKA cleft palate.

185
Q

perforating ulcer

A

erosion through the entire thickness of a surface

186
Q

periapical abscess

A

inflammation of tissues and collection of puss surrounding the apical portion of a tooth root due to pulpal disease.

187
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammation of the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth. AKA periodontal disease.

188
Q

pica

A

eating and licking abnormal substances or a depraved appetite

189
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst or drinking. Abbreviated PD

190
Q

polyp

A

small growth on a mucous membrane

191
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating or swallowing

192
Q

prolapse

A

protrusion of viscera. ie rectal prolapse is a protrusion of the rectum through the anus

193
Q

quidding

A

condition in which food is taken into the mouth and chewed but falls from the mouth

194
Q

salivary mucocele

A

collection of saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland or duct and is surrounded by granulation tissue

195
Q

scours

A

diarrhea in livestock

196
Q

portosystemic shunt

A

blood vessels bypass the liver and blood is not detoxified properly

197
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of an opening

198
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

199
Q

tenesmus

A

painful, ineffective defecation

200
Q

torsion

A

axial twist. Twisting around the long axis of the gut.

201
Q

trichobezoar

202
Q

trich/o

203
Q

volvulus

A

twisting on itself

204
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from abdomen

205
Q

abomasopexy

A

surgical fixation of the abomasum of ruminants to the abdominal wall

206
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures

207
Q

anoplasty

A

surgical repair of the anus

208
Q

bolus

A

rounded mass of food or large pharmaceutical preparation or to give something rapidly

209
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder

210
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of colon

211
Q

drench

A

to give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing the animal to drink

212
Q

emetic

A

producing vomiting.

213
Q

enterostomy

A

surgical production of an artificial opening between the small intestine and the abdominal wall

214
Q

esophagoplasty

A

surgical repair of the esophagus

215
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs

216
Q

float

A

instrument used to file or rasp an equine’s premolar or molar teeth.

217
Q

gastropexy

A

surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall

218
Q

effluent

219
Q

stoma

A

opening created during a gastrostomy

220
Q

gavage

A

forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach

221
Q

laparotomy

A

surgical incision into the abdomen

222
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach. Nasogastric is abbreviated NG

223
Q

orogastric intubation

A

passage of a tube from the mouth to the stomach

224
Q

palatoplasty

A

repair of a cleft palate

225
Q

transfaunation

A

transferring microbes from one animal to another to reinoculate the ill animal with a healthy microbial population. Used to treat cattle, particularly in cases of acidosis.

226
Q

trocarization

A

insertion of a pointed instrument into a body cavity or an organ. Trocar is usually inside a cannula, so once the trocar penetrates the membrane, it can be withdrawn and the cannula remains. Performed for acute cases of bloat to relieve pressure.

227
Q

ruminal paracentesis

A

trocarization treatment of ruminal bloat

Vett 118 (10 decks)

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