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Nursing Science EXAM 2 > Week 7 - WORKBOOK > Flashcards

Week 7 - WORKBOOK Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Glomerular filtration

A

The process of water and small dissolved solutes moving from Glomerulus into Glomerular capsule

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2
Q

Define Glomerular filtration rate

A

The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute

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3
Q

Define renal threshold

A

The concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin removing it into urine

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4
Q

What is the blood flow through the kidneys IN ORDER

A
  • renal artery
  • afferent arterioles
  • Glomerulus
  • efferent arterioles
  • peritubular capillaries
  • renal veins
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5
Q

What are the three stages in urine formation?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
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6
Q

What is the definition of Glomerular filtration?

A

Water and small dissolved solutes move from Glomerulus into Glomerular capsule

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7
Q

What is the definition of tubular reabsorption?

A

Water and important substances are returned from the filtrate in the tubule back into the blood

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8
Q

Define tubular secretion

A

Unwanted substances move from the blood into the urine

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9
Q

What are the 3 hormones/mechanisms that respond for dehydration/low blood volume?

A
  • thirst centre in the hypothalamus (nervous system)
  • Aldosterone
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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10
Q

How does the thirst centre aid in the process of dehydration/low blood volume?

A

Process:
- stimulates desire to drink water
Effect:
- water gain, decreasing urine output

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11
Q

How does the Aldosterone hormone aid in the process of dehydration/low blood volume?

A

Process:
- increases tubular reabsorption of Na+ causes an increase water reabsorption (via osmosis)
Effect:
- water gain decreases urine output

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12
Q

How does the Antidiuretic hormone aid in the process for dehydration/low blood volume?

A

Process:
- an increase reabsorption of water from collecting ducts
Effect:
- water gain decreases urine output

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13
Q

What is the hormone that responds towards over hydration/increased blood volume or blood pressure ?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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14
Q

How does ANP aid in the process of over hydration/increased blood volume/pressure?

A

Process:
- decrease tubular reabsorption of Na+ (increase excretion of Na+ in urine causes an increase excretion of water via osmosis)
Effect:
- water loss increase urine output

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15
Q

What are three specific ways in which the renal system contributes to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • kidneys maintain fluid balance in the blood by controlling the amount of irons produced
  • kidneys control blood volume and/or blood pressure by regulation of Na+ and water balance
  • kidneys regulate electrolyte balance which in term effects fluid volume
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16
Q

What does pH refer to?

A

“Potential of hydrogen” in a solution

17
Q

How does the carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer system respond to a fall in pH? (acidosis)

A

H+ ions combine with HC03- to form carbonic acid (which then dissociates into C02 to be expelled via the lungs)

18
Q

How does the carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer respond to a rise in pH? (Alkalosis)

A

Carbonic acid dissociates into H+ ions (increasing the blood plasma concentration and correcting pH) and HC03- is removed

19
Q

How does the respiratory system respond to a fall in pH? (acidosis)

A

Respiratory rate and depth increase to blow off more C02 (therefore reducing H+ ions)

20
Q

How does the respiratory system respond to a rise in pH? (Alkalosis)

A

Respiratory rate and depth decrease to conserve more C02 (therefore increasing H+ ions)

21
Q

How does the renal system respond to a fall in pH? (Acidosis)

A

Increases secretion of H+ ions and more generation of HC03-

22
Q

How does the renal system respond to a rise in pH? (Alkalosis)

A

Increased secretion of HC03- and more generation of H+ ions

23
Q

What is the purpose of a buffer system?

A

To prevent marked/extreme changes in pH

24
Q

What are 3 types of buffer systems?

A
  1. Proteins (Hb and albumin)
  2. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
  3. Phosphates
25
Q

A rise in pH means the blood plasma is more…

A

Acidic

26
Q

A fall in pH means the blood plasma is more..

A

Acidic

27
Q

More H+ ions in the blood plasma indicates a

A

Lower pH

28
Q

Less H+ ions in the blood plasma indicates a

A

Higher pH

29
Q

A patient with Hypercapnia (high PC02) is likely to have

A

Respiratory Acidosis

30
Q

A patient with hypocapnia (low PC02) is likely to have a

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

31
Q

A rise in H+ ions due to a non-respiratory cause is called a

A

Metabolic acidosis

32
Q

A fall in H+ ions due to a non-respiratory cause is called a

A

Metabolic alkalosis

33
Q

A shift in pH affects all body systems, but the minor adverse impact is on the…

A

Nervous and cardiovascular systems

Nursing Science EXAM 2 (10 decks)

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