Week 7 - Quizes!!! Flashcards
Starting with the afferent arteriole; place the parts of a nephron in correct order
- Glomerulus
- Bowman capsule
- Proximal tube
- Descending limb of the loop of Henle
- Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
- Distal tube
- Collecting tubules
Approximately how much blood flows thorough the kidneys per minute?
1200mls
What substance is used most often to determine normal kidney function?
Creatinine
True or false: catabolism is involved in urine formation?
False
True or false: Pigments are a normal constituent of urine
False
True or false: the right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney?
False
In an average bladder, what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?
250mls
The mechanism for voiding begins with..
The relaxation of the internal sphincter
Which hormone(s) tend to increase the amount of urine produced?
- ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
Which hormone(s) tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What is one difference between the male urethra and the female urethra?
The male urethra is part of two different body systems
Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube Called the..
Ureter
True or false: Both ADP and aldosterone attempt to decrease normal urine output
True
True or false: Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function
True
True or false: Aldosterone tends to increase urine volume, thereby promoting water loss
False
True or false: ADH and aldosterone both attempt to decrease urine output
True
True or false: the detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder
True
True or false: contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
False
Why is the proximal tube called ‘proximal’
Because it is nearest to Bowman Capsule
What are the folds in the bladder walls called?
Rugae
What type of tissue lines the bladder wall and is one factor that allows the bladder to distend?
Transitional Epithelium
Where is the prostatic urethra found?
Only in men
What is the process of voiding urine called?
Micturition
True or false: the mechanism of voiding urine begins with the involuntary relaxation of the external sphincter muscle
False
True or false: most reabsorption occurs in the loop of henle?
False
Just like the kidneys, the ureters are..
Retroperitoneal
What is the yellowish pigment in the urine derived from?
Derived from the breakdown of old red blood cells
True or false: voiding and micturition refer to the same process
True
What is A Glomerulus?
A group of capillaries located in a bowman capsule
True or false: blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent venules
False
Where does blood enter the Glomerular from?
Afferent arterioles
What will the reabsorption of electrolytes by the peritubular capillaries cause?
Obligatory water reabsorption
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to what?
Systemic blood pressure
True or false: the kidneys are located in he right and left iliac regions of the abdomen
False
What will a hydrostatic pressure gradient cause?
Fluids to move from the Glomerulus into the bowman capsule
What percentage of the fluid filtrate into the bowman capsule is reabsorbed?
99%
What is the outer portion of the kidney called?
The Cortex
What is freshly voided urine generally considered?
Acidic
What do blood buffers do?
Help to prevent marked changes in blood pH
When a patient has metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys..
Conserve more H+ ions and secrete more HC03-
Acidosis of the blood is defined as a pH of..
Less than 7.35
True or false: Chloride is a buffer
False
An elderly patient is admitted with dehydration after vomiting following gastroenteritis. The acid-base imbalance they are most likely to have is..
Alkalosis
- vomiting and diarrhoea can cause excess loss of H+ ions, raising the pH of the blood and extracellular fluid
Which system prevents a sudden or serious change in blood pH?
Renal system
True or false: the endocrine system is involved in regulating acid-base balance
False
What is the normal pH of extracellular fluid?
7.35-7.45
If the blood is acidic, it contains more…
H+ ions
If a patient with pneumonia has hypercapnia, what affects will this have on the respiratory system?
The patient will increase their rate and depth of breathing to ‘blow off’ more C02
