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Nursing Science EXAM 2 > Week 7 - Quizes!!! > Flashcards

Week 7 - Quizes!!! Flashcards

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1
Q

Starting with the afferent arteriole; place the parts of a nephron in correct order

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Bowman capsule
  3. Proximal tube
  4. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
  5. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  6. Distal tube
  7. Collecting tubules
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2
Q

Approximately how much blood flows thorough the kidneys per minute?

A

1200mls

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3
Q

What substance is used most often to determine normal kidney function?

A

Creatinine

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4
Q

True or false: catabolism is involved in urine formation?

A

False

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5
Q

True or false: Pigments are a normal constituent of urine

A

False

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6
Q

True or false: the right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney?

A

False

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7
Q

In an average bladder, what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?

A

250mls

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8
Q

The mechanism for voiding begins with..

A

The relaxation of the internal sphincter

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9
Q

Which hormone(s) tend to increase the amount of urine produced?

A
  • ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
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10
Q

Which hormone(s) tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

A
  • Aldosterone

- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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11
Q

What is one difference between the male urethra and the female urethra?

A

The male urethra is part of two different body systems

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12
Q

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube Called the..

A

Ureter

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13
Q

True or false: Both ADP and aldosterone attempt to decrease normal urine output

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: Aldosterone tends to increase urine volume, thereby promoting water loss

A

False

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16
Q

True or false: ADH and aldosterone both attempt to decrease urine output

A

True

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17
Q

True or false: the detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder

A

True

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18
Q

True or false: contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

A

False

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19
Q

Why is the proximal tube called ‘proximal’

A

Because it is nearest to Bowman Capsule

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20
Q

What are the folds in the bladder walls called?

A

Rugae

21
Q

What type of tissue lines the bladder wall and is one factor that allows the bladder to distend?

A

Transitional Epithelium

22
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra found?

A

Only in men

23
Q

What is the process of voiding urine called?

A

Micturition

24
Q

True or false: the mechanism of voiding urine begins with the involuntary relaxation of the external sphincter muscle

A

False

25
Q

True or false: most reabsorption occurs in the loop of henle?

A

False

26
Q

Just like the kidneys, the ureters are..

A

Retroperitoneal

27
Q

What is the yellowish pigment in the urine derived from?

A

Derived from the breakdown of old red blood cells

28
Q

True or false: voiding and micturition refer to the same process

A

True

29
Q

What is A Glomerulus?

A

A group of capillaries located in a bowman capsule

30
Q

True or false: blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent venules

A

False

31
Q

Where does blood enter the Glomerular from?

A

Afferent arterioles

32
Q

What will the reabsorption of electrolytes by the peritubular capillaries cause?

A

Obligatory water reabsorption

33
Q

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to what?

A

Systemic blood pressure

34
Q

True or false: the kidneys are located in he right and left iliac regions of the abdomen

A

False

35
Q

What will a hydrostatic pressure gradient cause?

A

Fluids to move from the Glomerulus into the bowman capsule

36
Q

What percentage of the fluid filtrate into the bowman capsule is reabsorbed?

A

99%

37
Q

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

A

The Cortex

38
Q

What is freshly voided urine generally considered?

A

Acidic

39
Q

What do blood buffers do?

A

Help to prevent marked changes in blood pH

40
Q

When a patient has metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys..

A

Conserve more H+ ions and secrete more HC03-

41
Q

Acidosis of the blood is defined as a pH of..

A

Less than 7.35

42
Q

True or false: Chloride is a buffer

A

False

43
Q

An elderly patient is admitted with dehydration after vomiting following gastroenteritis. The acid-base imbalance they are most likely to have is..

A

Alkalosis

  • vomiting and diarrhoea can cause excess loss of H+ ions, raising the pH of the blood and extracellular fluid
44
Q

Which system prevents a sudden or serious change in blood pH?

A

Renal system

45
Q

True or false: the endocrine system is involved in regulating acid-base balance

A

False

46
Q

What is the normal pH of extracellular fluid?

A

7.35-7.45

47
Q

If the blood is acidic, it contains more…

A

H+ ions

48
Q

If a patient with pneumonia has hypercapnia, what affects will this have on the respiratory system?

A

The patient will increase their rate and depth of breathing to ‘blow off’ more C02

Nursing Science EXAM 2 (10 decks)

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