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MSN 6101 > Week 7 - Kidney Disease > Flashcards

Week 7 - Kidney Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the kidney

A

Blood volume and fluid osmolality
Electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance
Eliminate Metabolic products and foreign substances
Produce and secrete hormones
- renin, activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system involved in reg of BP and maint of sodium and potassium balance
- calcitriol, active Vit D3
- erythropoietin (EPO) stim the bone marrow to produce RBC

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2
Q

Millions of nephrons are in the

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

What 3 functions happen in the nephron

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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4
Q

Where does filtration happen in the kidney

A

capillaries surrounded by bowman’s capsule

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5
Q

Where does reabsorption happen in the kidney

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct

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6
Q

Where does secretion happen in the kidney

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting duct

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7
Q

A type of chronic kidney disease where the kidney stops working well enough for the patient to live without dialysis or kidney transplant

A

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

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8
Q

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is permanent or not permanent

A

Permanent

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9
Q

Causes of End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A 
*Diabetes, HTN - MC
Genetic defects
Reaction to medicine
Physical injury/trauma to kidneys
Chronic renal failure
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10
Q

Types of chronic kidney disease (3)

A

Chronic renal insufficiency
Chronic renal failure
ESRD

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11
Q

Impaired kidney function, but minimal effects to the body

A

Chronic renal insufficiency

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12
Q

Impaired kidney function, some effects to the body including

  • waste products accumulate
  • increased anemia
  • bone disease
  • acidosis
  • salt and fluid retention
A

Chronic renal failure

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13
Q

Why bone disease in chronic renal failure?

A 
Increased serum phosphorus
Increased PTH secretion
Decreased vit D
Decreased Ca absorption and deposition
Decreased calcitriol production
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14
Q

how does diabetes contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

A

Cells in kidneys close to blood vessels thicken as a result of glycosylation of matrix protein

Glomeruli thicken as a result of protein glycosylation

Glomeruli sclerosis due to protein glycosylation

Hyperglycemia activates cytokines, protein kinase C, CRP which contributes to renal and vascular problems

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15
Q

How does hypertension contribute to CKD

A

High BP physically damages vascular walls

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16
Q

Diagnostic test for ESRD

A

Blood pressure
Urine test
Glomerular filtration rate measures blood creatinine levels

17
Q

A type of kidney disease in which nephrons (esp glomeruli) are inflamed/damaged

A

Glomerulonephritis

18
Q

Sx of Glomerulonephritis

A

RBC in urine
Foamy urine
Edema
And more

19
Q

Diagnostic tests for Glomerulonephritis

A

Urine test
Blood tests
Imaging tests
Kidney biopsy

20
Q

A disorder that usually occurs when an infection in the digestive system produces toxic substances that destroy RBC and injure nephrons

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

21
Q

Causes of Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

E.coli
Shigella
Salmonella

22
Q

Symptoms of Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Vomiting, diarrhea
Less frequent urination
RBC destruction = anemia

23
Q

Diagnostic tests for Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

A 
Blood tests
CBC
Urine tests
Kidney biopsy
Stool culture might be positive for e.coli or other bacteria
24
Q

A kidney disorder in which IgA antibiotics build up in the glomeruli

A

IgA nephropathy a.k.a. Berger’s disease

25
Q

Causes of IgA nephropathy a.k.a. Berger’s disease

A

High levels of IgA

26
Q

Sx of IgA nephropathy a.k.a. Berger’s disease

A

Maybe nothing for years

Blood in urging
Edema
Sx of ESRD

27
Q

Diagnostic tests for IgA nephropathy a.k.a. Berger’s disease

A

Blood tests
Kidney biopsy
Urine test

28
Q

A group of sx that include protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

29
Q

Causes of Nephrotic syndrome

A 
Glomerulonephritis
Cancer
Diabetes, lupus, MM, amyloidosis
Genetic disorders
Immune disorders
Infections
Drugs
30
Q

Sx of Nephrotic syndrome

A 
Edema 
Foamy urine (high levels of protein)
31
Q

Diagnostic tests for Nephrotic syndrome

A

Albumin blood test
Blood chem test
Blood test
Urinalysis

32
Q

Formation of crystals in bladder and upper urinary system

A

Kidney stones

33
Q

What is the composition of Kidney stones

A

Calcium
Uric acid
Struvite

34
Q

Causes of Kidney stones

A

Genetic
Gender M>F
Metabolic disease

35
Q

Sx of Kidney stones

A 
Intermittent Radiating Pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal dissension
Chills and fever if infected
36
Q

Diagnostic tests for Kidney stones

A

US

Cystoscopy

MSN 6101 (10 decks)

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