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MSN 6101 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional medicine functions to

A

Prevent/treat disease

WITHOUT leading to unpleasant side effects of pharmaceutical interventions

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2
Q

Whole grains contain ___ which increases content of vitamin E in tissues

A

Alkylresorcinols

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3
Q

Fundamentals of diet include (8)

A 
Whole grains
Bean and legumes
Fruits and vegetables
Nuts
Fish
Meat and poultry
Eggs
Milk and dairy products
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4
Q

Sucrose consists of

A

50% fructose

50% glucose

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5
Q

Sucrose is derived from

A

Sugarcane

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6
Q

HFCS is derived from

A

Corn

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7
Q

HFCS-55 consists of

A

55% Fructose and 42% glucose

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8
Q

What is more lipogenic: glucose or fructose

A

Fructose

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9
Q

What makes HFCS worse than sucrose?

A

The high amount of fructose

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10
Q

Effects of fructose on the pancreas

A

Insulin resistance

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11
Q

Effects of fructose on the blood stream

A

Triglycerides circulating in the blood harms heart and liver

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12
Q

Effects of fructose on kidney

A

Fructose that seeped into the liver may increase uric acid, risk factor for kidney disease

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13
Q

Effect of fructose on the brain

A

Only weakly curbs brains hunger signals (unlike glucose)

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14
Q

Aspartame additive shown to cause ___ in animals

A

Tumors/cancers

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15
Q

Aspartame is converted into __ & ___ which causes bladder tumors in mice

A

Methanol

Diketopiperazine

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16
Q

What vitamin deficiency augments sensitivity to MSG

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency

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17
Q

___ is excitatory neurotransmitter, contributing to flushing, HA, nausea, GI discomfort, etc.

A

Glutamate

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18
Q

Yellow dye #5 is

A

Tartrazine

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19
Q

People who are sensitive to Tartrazine/yellow #5 are also sensitive to

A

Aspirin

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20
Q

___ efficiency makes elimination of sodium benzoate more difficult

A

Sodium benzoate

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21
Q

What food additive may lead to urticaria (hives) (2)

A 
Butyrate hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Butyrate hydroxyanisole (BHA)
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22
Q

Butyrate hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Butyrate hydroxyanisole (BHA) are food additives for the purpose of

A

Slowing/preventing fat oxidation

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23
Q

What food additive is added to dried fruits, wine, picked foods, fruit juices

A

Sulfites

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24
Q

Sulfites may lead to (4)

A

Urticaria
Asthma
Anaphylactic shock
Death

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25
Q

What additive may lead to anaphylactic shock and antibiotic-resistant infections in humans?

A

Antibiotics

Detected in beef, pork, poultry and milk

26
Q

Cooking can lead to (6)

A 
Lipid peroxides 
Cholesterol oxides
AGEs
Mutagens and carcinogens
Maillard reaction products
Nutrient losses
27
Q

Tips for cooking and storage

A

Cook at low temps
Cook with stainless steel; avoid aluminum cookware
Cook in moist heat; avoid dry heat
Store in BPA-free and glass containers; void aluminum, tin, plastic

28
Q

What is the condition where blood glucose levels <40-50 mg/dL

A

Reactive hypoglycemia

29
Q

Normal fasting blood glucose level before meal ___

After a meal ___

A

70-100 mg/dL

<180 mg/dL

30
Q

Reactive hypoglycemia can predict what chronic disease

A

Type II diabetes (high insulin levels, increases CRP)

31
Q

What 2 organs are recruited to compensate for reduced blood glucose levels?

A

Adrenal glands release epinephrine and cortisol which stimulates glycogenolysis and increases glucose

Pancrease releases glucagon, which is involve in gluconeogenesis

32
Q

Food(1)/drink(2) to avoid with reactive hypoglycemia

A

Alcohol
Caffeine
High GI foods; refined carbs

33
Q

Supplements to take with reactive hypoglycemia (4)

A

Chromium
Magnesium
Niacinamide
L-carnitine

34
Q

2 types of food allergies

A

Type 1: mediated by IgE (rapid)

Hidden: delayed response

35
Q

Diet options with food allergies

A 
Elimination diet (or 4r, 5r plan)
Food challenges
36
Q

If someone is “allergic to everything” what should they do

A

5 days of lamb, pears, spring water. Then slowly introduce food challenges

37
Q

Big 8 allergens

A 
Soy
Eggs
Milk
Fish
Wheat
Shellfish
Tree nuts
Peanuts
38
Q

Type I allergic reactions are initiated with ____ come into contact with allergen

A

B lymphocytes

39
Q

B lymphocytes produce and release

A

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

40
Q

IgE activates ___ which release ___ and other chemicals that results in allergic reactions

A

Mast cells (WBC) ; histamine

41
Q

Psychological Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Poor memory and concentration

42
Q

Pharynx Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Hoarseness

43
Q

Heart Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Slow pulse rate

Pericardial effusion

44
Q

Muscular Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Delayed reflex relaxation

45
Q

Extremities Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Coldness

Carpal tunnel syndrome

46
Q

General Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Fatigue
Feeling cold
Weight gain with poor appetite

47
Q

Lungs Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Shortness of breath

Pleural effusion

48
Q

Skin Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Paresthesia

Myxedema

49
Q

Intestines Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Constitution

Ascites

50
Q

Reproductive system Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Menorrhagia

51
Q

2 types of hypothyroidism

A

Overt or stage 4

Mild or stage 2

52
Q

In what stage of hypothyroidism is T3 and T4 low and TSH high?

A

Overt or stage 4

53
Q

In what stage of hypothyroidism is T3 and T4 normal and TSH high?

A

Mild or stage 2

54
Q

Normal TSH levels

A

0.4 - 2.5 mIU/L

55
Q

Foods to avoid with hypothyroidism (3)

A

Soy protein
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium

56
Q

What to take with hypothyroidism (3)

A

T4 (thyroxine)
Synthetic T4/T3
Desiccated thyroid gland

57
Q

A fungal yeast infection caused by Candida albicans or any Candida species

A

Candidiasis

58
Q

Foods to avoid with Candidiasis

A

Refined carbohydrates
Allergenic foods
Diary
Vinegar, alcohol, yeast- and mold-containing foods

59
Q

A form of complementary and alternative medicine aimed at maintaining health through nutritional supplementation based on the assertion that there is an optimum nutritional environment in the body and that disease reflect deficiencies in this environment

A

Orthomolecular medicine

60
Q

Founder of Orthomolecular medicine

A

Dr. Linus Pauling

Believer of vitamin C supplementation (1 to 2 g per day)

RDA levels are not enough. Established to prevent deficiencies, not to have levels that prevent chronic diseases and enhance overall well-being.

MSN 6101 (10 decks)

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