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Y-Patho 3 > Week 7+8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Week 7+8 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

order of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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2
Q

________- of the small intestine mucosa slow the passage of food, thereby providing more time for digestion and absorption

A

Circular folds

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3
Q

folds for absorption are most numerous and prominent in the

A

jejunum and upper ileum.

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4
Q

Absorption occurs through

A

villi (jazz hands)

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5
Q

A villus is composed of

A

-absorptive columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes)
-mucus-secreting goblet cells
-Each villus secretes enzymes necessary for digestion and absorbs nutrients

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6
Q

___________ create a mucosal surface known as the brush border

A

microvilli

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7
Q

contains lymphocytes; plasma cells, which produce immunoglobulins; and macrophages.

A

lamina propria (a connective tissue layer of the mucosa) lies beneath the epithelial cells of the villi

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

if you are lactose intolerant youre deficient in

A

lactase

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10
Q

inhibits the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar) into monosaccharides glucose and galactose and therefore prevents lactose digestion and absorption across the intestinal wall.

A

lactase deficiency

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11
Q

lactase persistence (LP).

A

-most people stop making as much lactase after breast feeding
-most are completely done between 10-15 y/o
-but some still can make lactase and digest

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12
Q

are milk allergies and lactose intolerance different

A

yes

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13
Q

details of lactose intolerance

A

-undigested lactose remains in the intestine,
-bacterial fermentation causes gases to form.
-Undigested lactose also increases the osmotic gradient in the intestine, causing irritation and osmotic diarrhea.

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14
Q

lactose intolerance sxs

A

bloating, crampy pain, diarrhea, and flatulence

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15
Q

lactose intolerance tests

A
  1. Hydrogen breath test
  2. genetic testing
  3. food sensitivity testing
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16
Q

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy,

A

celiac disease

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17
Q

autoimmune disease of the small intestinal villous epithelium when there is ingestion of the cereal protein gluten (gliadin) found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats in genetically susceptible individuals

A

celiac disease

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18
Q

other autoimmune associated with celiac

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Addison disease.

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19
Q

what cells infiltrate during celiac disease

A

T cells

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20
Q

flattening of villi in the upper small intestine happens in

A

celiac

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21
Q

malabsorption in celiac

A

loss of mucosal surface area and brush-border enzymes leads

22
Q

Fat malabsorption in the jejunum is the major cause of

A

steatorrhea (fatty stools)

23
Q

a cutaneous manifestation of gluten-sensitive enteropathy

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis
-blister formation on skin
-symettrical
-usually on elbows

24
Q

most common GI condition

A

IBS

25
Q

IBS classifcations

A

1.IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), 2. IBS with constipation (IBS-C)
3. mixed IBS (IBS-M)

26
Q

origins of IBS

A
  1. Microbiome alterations from early use of antibitoics
  2. post intestinal infection
  3. Visceral hypersensitivity in gut lumen
27
Q

diet for IBS

A

low FODMAPS
-group of carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and subsequently fermented in the small or large intestine

28
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A

-ulcerative colitis
-crohns

-genetic factors, alterations in epithelial cell barrier functions, immunopathology related to abnormal T-cell reactions to commensal microflora

29
Q

a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of
the colonic mucosa and extends proximally from the rectum into the colon

A

ulcerative colitis

30
Q

age for ulcerative colitis

A

20 and 40 years of age

31
Q

The primary lesions of UC are continuous with no skip lesions, are limited to the mucosa, and are not transmural

A

The primary lesions of UC are continuous with no skip lesions, are limited to the mucosa, and are not transmural

32
Q

where is UC most severe

A

rectum and sigmoid colon

33
Q

complications of UC

A

toxic megacolon, anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and perirectal abscess

34
Q

UC treatment

A

-5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) (a type of NSAID)
-Corticosteroids and salicylates suppress the inflammatory response
-immune suppressants

35
Q

-affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus
-small intestine and proximal large colon are most commonly affected by the disease

A

Crohns Disease

36
Q

most common site of Crohns

A

ileocolon
-but both the large and small intestines may be involved.

37
Q

typical Crohns lession

A

-granuloma
-cobblestone projections of inflamed tissue surrounded by areas of ulceration

38
Q

does CD or UC commonly have fistulas anal fissure, perianal abscess, and fistula

A

Chrons
-fistula= abnormal connection between organs because there is a degradation of tissue
-happens in Crohns where are layers of GI are eaten away
-UC is superficial ulceration

39
Q

Crohns vs ulceravtive colitis

A

-Crohn’s =there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed in between inflamed areas. -Ulcerative colitis=is continuous inflammation of the colon and rectum

40
Q

herniations or saclike outpouchings of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall

A

Diverticula

41
Q

is Diverticulosis cause symptoms or associated with inflammation

A

no

42
Q

bstruction of the diverticulum sac by fecaliths, irritation of the mucosa that causes inflammation, congestion and further obstruction.

A

diverticulitis

43
Q

diverticulitis sxs

A

abdominal pain (usually on the left side), fever, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and constipation.

44
Q

inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which is a projection from the apex of the cecum

A

Appendicitis

45
Q

most common surgical emergency of the abdomen and usually occurs between 20 and 30 years of age

A

Appendicitis

46
Q

appendix pain

A

shift of location to the right lower quadrant with rebound tenderness.

47
Q

most common internal hemorrhoids sxs

A

bleeding (painless)

48
Q

are internal or external hemorrhoids more painful

A

external

49
Q

-localized in mucosal layer
-no skip lesions
-only in colon

A

Ulcerative colitis

50
Q

-transmural inflammation, (mucosa and serosa)
-cobblestone projections
-skip lessons (anywhere from mouth to anus but not continuous)

A

Crohns Disease

Y-Patho 3 (10 decks)

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