Week 7 Flashcards
Non blood samples labeling req?
same as blood
Where do you place the label of a non blood specimen?
label should be applied to container, NOT THE LID
Should all fluid be treated as infectious
YES
Microbiology tests what
all non blood specimen
Phlebotomists duties for specimen collection
- Check with MD orders and ID the Pt
- Wash hands before and after all collections
- Use appropriate PPE
- Instruct the Pt in any dietary changes needed
- Instruct the Pt in proper collection
- Package specimen to prevent leakage and damage (twist the lid tight!!)
What are the ten “rights” of specimen collection
- The right Pt
- The right Specimen
- Time
- Amount (if you are unsure ask)
- Requisition
- Container
- Label
- Method
- Asepsis (cleansing of site area)
- Attitude
C+S (Culture and Sensitivity
Test to ID harmful bacteria in the body and which antibiotics would be effective
Body’s good bacteria is called
normal Flora
C+S spec. is place in what to grow and for how long
a growth medium like gel, broth, petri dish
the culture is left in the growth med. until something grows, 24 hrs to a week
Urine
most frequently analyzed non-blood sample
OP (oup pt) urine collection is done by who
The phlebotomist
What fluid is used to test for UTI’s
Urine
Can UA be ordered randomly
Yes, unless it is a fasting UA or first AM collection
UTI can have a smell
like rotten fish
MD gives urine a oder
a fruity boqet
Routine UA must be collected in what container
non sterile, and sample must be refrigerated if not tested right away
Routine UA sample is preferred collected in what
Midstream, to avoid hairs, genital secretions and skin contaminants
Routine UA can be used to test for both
urinary problem and systemic problems
Three parts to Routine UA
- Physical
- Chemical
- Microscopic
Routine UA
Physical
inspect for odor, transparency (clear or cloudy), clolor
clear you can read letters
cloudy cannot read letters
Routine UA
Chemical
Plastic strips dipped into urine, strips are impregnated with reagents that can test for Bacteria Glucose Protein WBC RBC and other substances
These results are not able to DX but give reason for more testing
Routine UA
Microscopic
Specimen is centrifuged and the sediment is examined under microscope
Which steps of Routine UA can be done by the phlebotomist
Physical and Chemical are CLIA waived and can be
but Microscopic must be performed by a lab tec
UA and UC samples can be shared?
Yes, but must be collected with UC sample requirements
UC (Urine Culture) test is done for what
Done on Pt with S/S of a UTI
UC must be collected in what container
a sterile container and transported to lab immediately or refrigerated
UC takes how long to incubate
about 18-24 hrs,
UC Bacteria is grown then
it is identified and tested for antibiotic sensitivity
Explain collection of UA without embarrassing the PT
- Go into the bathroom
- Wash hands before
- Urinate a little bit into the toilet
- Fill cup about 1/2 way
- Wash hands
- Put cover on tight and bring to me
Explain collection of UC without embarrassing Pt
- Go to the bathroom
- Wash hands
- Use all 3 wipe provided to clean the area
Men-wipe in a circular motion over the area, use all 3 towels
Women-wipe front to back use 1 towel for the left, 1 for the right, and 1 for the middle. - Urinate a little bit into the toilet
- Fill cup about 1/2 way
- Wash hands
- Put cover on tight and bring to me
Urine for Cytology
Cytology tests for cancer
very rare, but used to detect cancer and other viral disease of the Urinary System
Urine for cytology samples can be preserved how
if the smear is not viewed right away on microscope slide, it can be preserved with 50% alcohol
24 hr Urine Collection
All urine is collected for 24 hours starting after the first void of the morning and ending with the first void the following morning.
Must be refrigerated or kept in a cooler
For a 24hr urine collection should the Pt increase their fluid intake
NO, pt should be reminded not to do this
Catheterized Urine is used for wht
to collect a sterile spec, a nurse can perform this
Suprapubic Collection
A surgical procedure where a MD punctures the bladder to collect sample
Pediatric Urine Collection device
A plastic bag with adhesive to adhere to the genital area
Pedi Urine Collection bag stays until
you see urine,
clean area and cut a slit in diaper, pull bag through so you can see as soon as the baby voids and remove device
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is usually tested because of what
Meningitis
Meningitis Sx are what
Headache
extreme neck pain
photophobia (cannot stand light)
High fever
CSF appears
clear and colorless and is the fluid that circulated the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord
CSF is obtained by
MD through a LP (lumbar puncture)
What test are included in CSF
Glucose, cell count, and protein
increased WBC is associated with meningitis
CSF should be delivered
STAT
CSF needs to be handled with what
CARE, it is a very infectious fluid and PPE must be used for your saftey
Sputum collection is what
is the collection of phlegm from deep inside the lungs
Sputum container must be what
sterile, instruct Pt not to touch inside
Sputum collection instruction
Ask if Pt has eating, if so bust gargle first
Pt should take 3 deep breaths, on 3rd exhalation cough deeply from the lungs to bring up the thick sputum. Slavia is not acceptable
spit it into the sterile container, must have 2-3 teaspoons
What is the best specimen for Sputum
The first morning is the best
sometimes the collection is ordered on 3 consecutive days
Semen is tested for what
to assess fertility and effectiveness after a vasectomy
Semen is collected in what container
sterile
Semen is sensitive to
light and cold. Spec must kept warm and in the dark or the sperm will start to die.
Must be tested immediately
Sometimes Semen could be collected for
Forensic reasons
Stool specimen
is used to evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders
test for O+P and Salmonella (can cause food poisoning, raw eggs)
Can be cultured for bacteria (C&S)
Can a Pt do stool sample at home
Yes, pt may take cup home if unable to defecate in the office
Only 1-2 teaspoons is needed
Screening for what is done to stool
colon cancers. It is testing for OB (occult blood) in stool
Instruct Pt to avoid red meat for 3 days prior to test
What container should stool be put in
Collect in clean dry containers , not necessary sterile
Stool samples should be refriderated
Yes, unless it is being tested for O+P
Throat Culture Collection is usually done for
Dx of strep infections
When collecting a Throat culture
do not touch teeth, gums, or tongue with culturette and aim for the red, swollen, yellow, or green areas
Use a mask if Pt appears to have a strong gag reflex
Amniotic Fluid is
clear almost colorless to pale yellow fluid
Amniotic fluid is collected when
15 Weeks of gestation
obtained by MD
Amniocentesis
is a procedure where a physician obtains amniotic fluid to detect genetic disorders such as downs syndrome
There is a 1 in 200 chance the baby will be aborted from the procedure
Bone Marrow produces what
blood cells
Bone marrow is extracted to detect what
identify blood diseases
bone marrow is take from where
the iliac crest (hip bone) or sternum
Hair samples are taken to test for
heavy metal analysis
detect drug abuse
