Week 1 Flashcards
Early time Phlebotomy was used for
Removing evil spirits and impurities bring the body to
balance by
Cupping
Leeches
Cutting open veins
What is the main two uses for phlebotomy
Diagnostic testing and
blood donation and
for treating patients with polycythemia (overproduction of red blood cells) or hemochromatosis (excess iron deposits throughout the body). These procedures are called therapeutic phleobotomies
Traditional roles of phlebotomist
Collection of blood
Preparing specimens for transport
Preparing patients for collection procedures
Maintain patient confidentiality
Collect urine and blood drug screen specimens
Perform EKGs(electrocardiography)
Perform front office duties
Promote good public relations with staff and patients
Assist or perform in POCT (point of care testing)
POCT
Point of care testing: rapid strep test
How a phlebotomist shows professionalism
Have integrity show compassion and empathy be motivated have a positive attitude be honest be competent correct posture
HIPAA
Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996
When in doubt don’t give it out
Outpatient or ambulatory care
Dentist, M.D. offices, surgical centers, health clinics, and outpatient areas of hospitals. 60% of surgeries are performed in an outpatient pt basis
Professional services
Cardiology
EKG, halter monitor, stress testing
Professional services
occupational therapy (OT)
Small muscles assist with ADL( activities of daily living) of post trauma, CVA
Professional services
physical therapist (PT)
DX impairment and make individualized TX plan
Professional services
medical imaging
(X-rays) US, MRI, CT scan, mammograms
What’s a glucose fasting range
70 to 110
Phlebotomist rolls in a physician lab
- The test and what they’re used for
- proper collection techniques
- how to direct patients in proper specimen collection
- how to handle specimens after collection
- process of handling it reports to the MD
PE (physical exam)
Record the patients state of health
Detect asymptomatic conditions
Confirm clinical diagnosis
Laboratory personnel
Pathologist
Deal with dead
do autopsies and biopsies specialize in disease processing
Laboratory personnel
Clinical lab scientist (MT)
Certified to perform analysis in testing all lab departments
hold a bachelors degree
Laboratory personnel
clinical lab technician (MLT)
Qualified to perform testing under supervision
holds an associate degree
Laboratory personnel
Lab assistant
Assists lab techs spins down blood Prepares specimens for testing answer phone draws blood send specimens out to reference labs
Lab departments
Hematology department
Test formed cellular elements of the blood
counts RBCs, WBCs, PLTs
Tests HGB, HCT
EDTA is the preferred anticoagulant in this department
Assists in the DX of leukemia, infections and anemia
Most common test – CBC – complete blood count
Lab department
urinalysis
Examines the physical, chemical and microscopic aspect of urine
Inexpensive and easy to collect
May be done along with C plus S on patients experiencing S/S of a UTI
Can screen for it’s systemic problems including issues with liver, kidneys, diabetes, UTI,
Lab departments
blood bank
Deals with blood type in procedures and cross matching
stores blood components for transfusion, blood products including FFP, PLT and whole blood
Blood is tested for compatibility
Correct ID is the cornerstone of this department
All products are tested for blood-borne pathogen’s prior to use
May also be called Immuneohematology
Lab departments
coagulation
Deals with defects of blood clotting
PT and PTT are done to monitor patients on blood thinner medication such as chromatin and heparin
Tubes that are not filled to a 9:1 ratio will be rejected
Buffered sodium citrate (light blue top tube)
Careful attention must be paid to patients that are on blood thinner medications to make sure that the bleeding has completely stopped prior to bandaging
Lab department
Microbiology
Micro or. Batie
Bacteria and fungi are grown inappropriate media and identified
Analyze bodily fluids for presence of micro organisms
Most common test is the C + S
Subdivision of bacteria
O+P are performed on stool
Lab department
Chemistry
Majority of testing done here
Most machinery is automated and panels can be run it once
Electrolytes-potassium, sodium, chloride, carbon dioxide
Liver function test – albumin, alkaline phosphate, Bilibubin, protein, SGOT, SGPT
(LP) Lipid profile – cholesterol, high density lip bow protein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides
Lab departments
Cytology
Cell examination for early signs of cancer and other diseases
Pap is the most common test in this department
What is the most important specimen collection step
Proper labeling
Consequences of miss labeling a specimen could be deadly
What do you do if the lab calls with “Panic results”
Notify the MD of the results at once
If a patient is known to be HIV-positive do you put a biohazard sticker on the specimen
NO, a biohazard sticker would give a false sense of security. Must treat all patients has infected
Quality control
QC
To ensure accurate results the following must be closely monitored:
Temperature of the specimen
I’m off to the specimen
Time limits on the test
Use the chemicals past the expiration date
Proper collection container
Can a non-tech perform a test if it is CLIA waived
Yes, A non-tech can perform a job if it has been waived by the clinical Laboratory improvement act of 1988
Pathogen
Micro organism that causes disease
Nosocomial infection
Hospital acquired infection
Malignancies
Cancers
Emesis
Vomit
Sputum
Lougee’s
Lochia
Afterbirth vaginal weeping
Droplet transmission
Transfer of microbe to mucous membrane such as mouth or nose by sneezing coughing or talking
droplets can travel only 3 feet and do not remain suspended in air
Airborne transmission
Droplet nuclei (small particles)
Residue of evaporated droplets from sneezing, coughing, etc. Can remain suspended in the air and can be inhaled by susceptible host
A special mask must be worn by all entering area
TB, or bola, and varicella transmitted this way
What is a N 95 respirator
The respirator you must wear in a pt that has pulmonary TP another airborne diseases
Chain of infection
- Spread requires infected organism, a susceptible host (carrier), and a means of transportation
- Source – portal of exit – means of transmission – portal of entry – susceptible host
Number way to stop spread of infection?
Wash your hands
Percutaneous Exposure
Stuck with patients used dirty needle
Can antimicrobial wipes be used as a substitute for alcohol-based hand rub?
No
Are wearing gloves a substitute for decontamination
No
What is the first line of defense against infection?
Intact skin is
Under the patients bill of rights if a patient asks what complications could rise due to blood being drawn do you have to answer and if so what is the answer
Yes if they ask you have to answer.
Potential complications that could arise include
Nerve damage
Arterial hemorrhage
The transfusion of incompatible blood due to patient misidentification
