Week 6 Flashcards
The Tympanic membrane and the hypothalamus share what
The same blood supply so very accurate measurements of blood temperature can be obtained
Brachycardia
bradycardia [brad″e-kahr´de-ah]
slowness of the heartbeat, so that the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute. This can occur in normal persons, particularly during sleep; trained athletes also usually have slow pulse and heart rates.
tachycardia
an abnormally rapid heart rate.
is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.[1] In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults.[1] Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
What are the minimal labeling requirements for blood bank samples
- Full name
- ID number
- date of birth
- date and time of collection
- phlebotomist initials
- indicating where the specimen was drawn from
Most blood being samples require what tops
Large red topped, lavender or pink top
No PEdi tubes or SST
The blood bank samples minimum labeling requirements must be checked by how many nurses prior to transfusion
Two nurses must match these numbers prior to transfusion
The requirements for being able to donate blood
Donors are interviewed to determine eligibility
Must be at least 17 years old and after 66 you must be in good enough health to donate
Must weigh minimum of 110 pounds
Donated blood is used for what
Collection to be used to transfuse others
Can just any phlebotomist do donation collection?
No it requires special training and exceptional VP skills
What gauge needle is used in donation
16 gauge needle
What is the arm cleaned with for blood donations
Ispropyl alcohol and Betadine
How long does blood donation take
15 minutes
Blood cultures are taken usually because
FUO or suspicion of Septicemia
A blood culture is used to detect what
used to detect type of bacteria in the blood and which best antibiotic to use
Blood cultures also help to determine
Usefulness of treatment
What is a blood culture
Blood cultures are aerobic and anaerobic bottles they’re used to grow bacteria in the blood to determine what the infection in the body is
Autologous blood donation can be done but may take how long to prepare
It could take up to several weeks prior to surgery to collect enough blood for autologous blood donation
What must your hemoglobin be at in order to do an autologous blood donation
Your Hgb must be at least 11 to donate
When drawing blood cultures it is very important to keep everything what
Sterile
A blood culture is usually drawn in sets of
Two, three, four, five, or six,. These are usually drawn every 15 minutes to 30 minutes
A blood culture draw consists of two bottles
Aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottle
The broth in the anaerobic allows bacteria that does not need air to grow
Broth in the aerobic bottle grows bacteria that needs air grow
Drawing a blood culture using a butterfly needle which bottle do you draw first
You always want to use the aerobic bottle first as it is the broth that grows bacteria that needs air and the line from the butterfly needle will bleed air into the sample which is already present
If you do the anaerobic first you will ruin the sample
When drawing a blood culture it is important to double prep the skin because why
Because failure to properly prepare the skin can lead to a false positive
Blood culture prep cleaners include
Tincture of iodine, but must be removed after procedure due to allergic reaction’s impossible effects on the thyroid and liver
Multiple isopropyl alcohol pads
Chlorhexedine gluconate, must not be used on infants less than two months old
Povidine/ 70% ethyl alcohol combination
Can you draw blood for a blood culture directly into a blood culture bottles
No, because there is risk of reflux into the vein of the broth
May blood to be drawn directly into a SPS tube (yellow top) and then transferred into a BC medium
Yes this is acceptable
Blood culture tubes will except about how many cc of blood
7 to 10 cc
Antimicrobial removal device
An ARD Is a device to remove antibiotics from the blood so the blood can be put in a blood culture
How long should an ARD device be allowed to hold the blood
No more than two hours
Why might you need to cool a specimen
In order to slow down Metabolism some specimens require complete immersion in a slurry of ice and water
What are some specimens that need to be immersed in a slurry of ice and water
Ammonia, green top tube
Arterial blood gas, which in Massachusetts a phlebotomist is not allowed to do
Light-sensitive specimens
Bilirubin
Vit B
Carotene
Folate
Light-sensitive specimens can be protected by what
A light blocking tube or wrapping samples in aluminum foil or paper towel
Therapeutic phlebotomy is used for what
The treatment for diseases that require the removal of blood
Polycythemia is a disease that requires therapeutic phlebotomy. What does this disease do
It is an overproduction of red blood cells, blood drawn one HET gets too high
Hemochromatosis is a disease requiring therapeutic phlebotomy. What does this disease do
It makes an excess of iron deposits in the tissue, defect in iron metabolism.
GTT is used for what
To detect DM and hypoglycemia
When taking a GTT PT must do what
Fast for between 12 to 16 hours, and water only, no gum, no smoking
A GTT measures what
Measures insulin response to a measure dose of glucose
Insulin is produced where and does what
It is produced in the pancreas and regulates glucose
a fasting blood sugar, FBS, checked during a GTT must be below this number.
200
If fasting blood sugar during a GTT is over 200 what must happen
Medical doctor must be notified, urine may also be collected
How much of the glucose drink is an adult given during a GTT
Approximately 75 to 100 grams of glucose
Symptoms of diabetes (DM)
Sudden weight loss
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyurea
Excessive urination
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
Polyphagia
Excessive hunger
How long is the GTT usually
A glucose tolerance test is usually 3 hours possibly 6 hours
What is the GCT
It is a glucose count test, commonly used her pregnancy to see if you have pregnancy induced diabetes
The patient allowed to leave the facility during a GTT
No
Chain of custody specimens
Usually requested by law-enforcement or other officials for legal reasons
Most common chain of custody tests
Drug testing
alcohol screens
DNA analysis
When collecting a chain of custody specimen what do you need to do
Detailed documentation of the specimen from collection to testing
May need a healthcare provider to proctor collection of urine
Phlebotomist may need to check patient’s ID
Phlebotomist must remember one collecting chain of custody specimens that you may end up doing what
Testifying in court
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
Done to establish therapeutic ranges and avoid toxicity
Test usually run on infants testing peaks and troughs
What is a peak level in TDM
A peak,maximum, levels are collected when the highest level as expected usually 30 to 60 minutes after dose
What is a trough level in reference to TDM
A trough, minimum, level is collected when the lowest level is expected. Usually prior to the next dose
Why is it important to do TDM on infants
If infants are given to high of a dose of antibiotics can cause deafness
Bleeding time test are used for what
Detecting PLT function disorders by testing PLT plug formation in the capillaries
Bleeding time test is used for safety reasons in regards to what Preprocedure
A test for clotting problems are used for presurgical screening
If doing a bleeding time test what is important to ask the PT
Have you taken any blood thinning substances for up to two weeks prior to testing
Including but not limited to aspirin, Coumadin, heparin
If performing a bleeding time test and PT admits to taking a blood thinner substance for up to two weeks prior to testing what do you need to do
Call M.D. immediately
The bleeding time test may cause what
Scarring
Leaving time test is normally how long
2 to 8 minutes
This is a test retake a coffee filter like substance and wake up the blood until it they stop bleeding.
It is very important that you do not break the PLT plug
Bleeding time test procedure
Select forearm area
If hairy may need to shave
Clean site with alcohol, allowed to dry
Place BP cuff around arm and inflate to 40 mmHg
Depress the trigger while starting the timer, remove device
Blot the blood every 30 seconds by bringing filter paper close to the incision and work the blood but do not touch the incision
Continue to blot to the filter paper no longer picks up blood
Stop the timer and record the results to the nearest 30 seconds
If bleeding continues longer than 30 minutes the test is stopped
Remove the car, apply bandage and instruct patient to keep covered for 24 hours
POCT
Point of care testing, also known as bedside testing
Brings the lab location to the patient
In POCT it is important to have QC
Quality control must be understood by the operator, proper machine maintenance is needed to ensure accurate results in point of care testing
Test that can be done through POCT
Glucose
Hemoglobin (HGB)
Cholesteryl
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Urine analysis (UA)
Strept
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
When drawing a blood alcohol specimen it is acceptable to clean the arm with
Benzalkonium chloride
Which of the following is the most critical part of blood culture collection
Antisepsis of the collection site
TDM peak concentration may be defined as the
The highest concentration of the drug during the dosing interval
When preforming a GTT, the fasting specimen is drawn at 8:15 and the patient finishes the glucose beverage at 8:20. When should a one hour specimen be collected
920
What is the color of stopper for a CTAD what type of test is it used for and why
Light blue: coagulation: to inhibit platelet activation
What type of specimen is needed for a guaiac test
Feces
Which test must have a 9 to 1 ratio of blood anticoagulant in the collection tube
Protime
What test is collected in a trace element free tube
Aluminum
Common chemistry test performed by POCT instruments include
Sodium(NA) and potassium(K)
What test measures packed cell volume
Hematocrit test (Hct)
