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Lecture tests > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is Autologous Donation

A

when pt donates their own blood for their surgery

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2
Q

what are the 5 vital signs

A
  1. Respiratory rate (oxygen saturation)
  2. Temperature
  3. Blood pressure
  4. Pulse
  5. Pain rating 0-10
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3
Q

Steps for taking pulse

A
  1. Put index and middle finger on radial artery (on wrist)
  2. Count for 30 seconds
  3. Multiply by 2 and find the pulse
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4
Q

What is a normal pulse range

A

60-99 beats/min

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5
Q

Why is it important to keep record of vitals

A

to have a baseline to compare with at each visit

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6
Q

Body temperature is regulated by what

A

the part of the brain called the hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the temperature that is considered critical?

A

106 degrees and above, also

96 degrees or below

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8
Q

Mercury is no longer used becasue

A

It is extremely toxic to the human body and very hard to clean up

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9
Q

What is the name of ear thermometers we use

A

Tympanic (fast and accurate reading)

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10
Q

what is Febrile

A

When a fever is present, must be over 100

also called Pyrexia

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11
Q

What is Afebrile

A

no fever present

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12
Q

What is Hypothermia

A

Decreased core body temp

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13
Q

What is Onset

A

When the fever began

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14
Q

Antipyretic

A

Agent to reduce fever

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15
Q

Lysis is what

A

body temp gradually returns to normal after a period of fever

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16
Q

What is a pulse

A

the two phases of the heart action that can be felt when compressing the artery

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17
Q

Most common areas to take a pluse

A

radial artery (on the wrist thumb side)

apical artery (Draw a straight line from the left nipple to the fifth intercostal space to identify the area of the apical pulse.)

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18
Q

NR baby pulse rate at birth

A

130-160

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19
Q

NR infant pulse rate

A

110-130

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20
Q

NR child 1-7 pulse rate

A

80-120

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21
Q

NR child over 7 pulse rate

A

80-90

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22
Q

NR Adult pulse rate

A

60-100

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23
Q

When do you take Respirations

A

after taking pulse, don’t tell pt you’re counting the breaths to avoid erroneous results

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24
Q

What makes us breath

A

the buildup of CO2 not the absence of O2 is what makes us spontaneously take a breath

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25
Q

What part of the brain measures blood levels of CO2

A

Medulla oblongata

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26
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate to pulse ratio

A

1 breath:4 pulse beats

27
Q

When taking respirations what are you looking for

A
  1. The rhythm if it is regular or irregular

2. The depth (the amount of air that is inspired and expired)

28
Q

What causes elevated respiratory rate

A 
Excitement
emotions 
fever
lung disease
pain 
shock
hemorrhage 
drugs
exercise
nervousness
29
Q

What can cause decreased respiratory rate

A 
Sleep
coma
drugs
pressure on the brain
kidney disease
30
Q

One inspiration and one expiration is equal to what

A

one respiration

31
Q

NR for BP

A

less than 120 SBP

Less than 80 DBP

32
Q

High BP (hypertension stage 1) range

A

140-159 SBP

90-99 DBP

33
Q

Prehypertension BP range

A

120-139 SBP

80-89 DBP

34
Q

High BP (hypertension stage 2)

A

160 & Higher SBP

110 & Higher DBP

35
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Higher than 180 SBP

Higher than 110 DBP

36
Q

Blood pressure is measuring what?

A

the force of blood exerted on the peripheral arteries during the cardiac cycle

37
Q

What is the name of the type of BP device used in health care today

A

sphygmomanometer

Can be electric or manual,

Manual is called Aneroid Manometer

38
Q

What is the Korotkoff Sounds

A

blood flow sounds that healthcare providers observe while taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa. These sounds appear and disappear as the blood pressure cuff is inflated and deflated.

39
Q

Phase 1 Korotkoff

A

K-1 (Phase 1): The appearance of the clear “tapping” sounds as the cuff is gradually deflated. The first clear “tapping” sound is defined as the systolic pressure.

40
Q

Phase 2 Korotkoff

A

K-2 (Phase 2): The sounds in K-2 become softer and longer and are characterized by a swishing sound since the blood flow in the artery increases.

41
Q

Phase 3 Korotkoff

A

K-3 (Phase 3): The sounds become crisper and louder in K-3 which is similar to the sounds heard in K-1.

42
Q

Phase 4 Korotkoff

A

K-4 (Phase 4): As the blood flow starts to become less turbulent in the artery, the sounds in K-4 are muffled and softer. Some professionals record diastolic during Phase 4 and Phase 5

43
Q

Phase 5 Korotkoff

A

K-5 (Phase 5): In K-5, the sounds disappear completely since the blood flow through the artery has returned to normal. The last audible sound is defined as the diastolic pressure.

44
Q

If hypertension goes untreated it will cause damage to what

A

the heart, kidneys, eyes, and arteries

45
Q

it takes how many dr visits to diagnose hypertension

A

3 separate visits

46
Q

How many types of HTN (hypertension)

A

4 types

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Benign
  4. Malignant
47
Q

Primary HTN

A

No apparent cause or cure, most common type, tx is life long

48
Q

Secondary HTN

A

results of another medical condition such as pregnancy, renal disease, obesity. When underlying problem resolved BP returns to normal

49
Q

Benign HTN

A

HTN that has a slow progression, most primary is benign

50
Q

Malignant HTN

A

Very rare, progresses rapidly, damages cardiovascular system

51
Q

HT (hypotension) NR

A

Usually below 90/60

seen with hemorrhage, shock, CNS (central nervous system) disorders and treatabe

52
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Can measure the O2 saturation continuously and accurately to detect a drop in saturation before a Pt becomes cyanotic

53
Q

Cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

54
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing a s/s of a decline in O2 saturation

55
Q

Orthopnea

A

in ability to breath in any position other than sitting straight up or standing

56
Q

Diaphoresis

A

extreme perspiration

57
Q

What is a pulse omimetry

A

it measures both )w saturation and the pulse rate.

58
Q

What is a normal O2 saturation level

A

95%-100% if lower alert the nurse or MD

59
Q

What is O2 saturation mean

A

the bodies hemoglobin molecules are bound to an O2 molecules and if every hemoglobin were attached to an O2 then the body would be at 100% saturation

60
Q

If O2 saturation is below 90% what can happen

A

it could be life threatening situation

61
Q

Can you apply an oximetry to the same hand of an arm that has a pressure cuff on it

A

NO

62
Q

Dysrhythmias is a oximetry limitation becasue

A

the abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias) can cause inadequate perfusion and lead to falsely decreased O2 stats.

63
Q

Perfusion

A

the process of oxygenated blood being delivered to the tissues of the body. … Perfusion of the body’s tissue occurs during Systole. The chambers contract and the oxygenated blood is forced into the arteries. These arteries carry the blood to the tissues where the oxygen is removed from the blood.

64
Q

Oximetry can have skewed results from what

A

Nail polish
acrylic nails
intravenous dyes (especially dark colors)

Lecture tests (11 decks)

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