week 7 Flashcards
DSM for schizopnreia
At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3)
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech (e.g. frequent derailment or incoherence)
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms (i.e. diminished emotional expression or avolition)
schizophrenia and hyper responsive to what system
dopaminergic (dopamine, NE, serotonin(
last interneurons to be incorporated in brain and in schizo
GABA
area for dopaminergic
VTA and SN
dopaminergic
reward/motaivation - VTA
motor- SN
tonic vs phasic firing
tonic- at rest
phasic- respond to stimuli- glutamat relewase dopamine and aAP
inflammation and schizo
TNFa IL6 IL1 and
kynureinic acid block NDMA receptor
activate microglial cells
what pathway for pain in migrain
trigeminovascular imput
trigeminal block serotonin
CGRP release at trigminal and vasodilates
theory of migraine
wave of spreading depression
neuraal excitability wave that activates trigeminal complex
central sensitization
pro inflame; mast cell, BDNF from c fibers
then c fibers release substance P and CGRP
IBS and migriane
high serotonin
h pylori triggers CGRP
L-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN
3 types of cardiomyopathies
dilated- common, enlarged and weakened esp ventricles
hypertrophic- septum overgrown and obstruct outflow to LV
restrictive- ventricles cant fill, reduced diastolic volume
HFrEF or HFpEF
hypertrophic- HFpEF ( can develop into HFrEF)
dilated- HFrEF
restrictive- HFpEF
most common cardiomyopathy
dilated
atherosclerosis has
risk: lp(a)
fatty streak –> oxidize LDL –> activate macrophages
lp(a) vs LDL
both have apo(B)
but Lpa has Kringle units and transports oxidized phospholipids
unstable vs stable plaque
unstable: rupture
stable: collagen on cap via platelets and growth factors
