week 6

Question 1

3 layers of vessels

Answer 1

tunica intima

tunica media

tunica externa

Question 2

what layer is thickest in arteries

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

whats in tunica adventitia

Answer 3

vasa vasorum (blood vessels)

Question 4

whats the thickest layer in veins

Answer 4

tunica adventitia

Question 5

elastic arteries
musclular arterises
arterioles metaarterioles

Answer 5

elastic- near heart for high pressure flow

muscular- smooth muscle throughout body (i.e. femoral artery)

arteriole- to capillary; regulate BP

metarteriols= control flow into capillaries

Question 6

3 types of capillaries

Answer 6

continuous- least permeable , majority

fenestrated- filter and absorb (i.e. kidney)

sinusoidal- very permeable (i.e spleen, liver)

Question 7

medium veins have

Answer 7

valves to prevent back flow in legs esp low prersusure

Question 8

2/3 of body blood is in

Answer 8

systemic veins

Question 9

smaller radius and increased vessel length and viscosity casue

Answer 9

more resistance

Question 10

flow increases with

Answer 10

increased pressure and vessel radius

Question 11

series vs parllale cicrculation

Answer 11

parallel good to reduce resistance; majority in body

Question 12

compliance

Answer 12

how much pressure is required to change the diameter (volume) o

• High compliance: small amount of pressure ! large change in volume
  ▪ In general, veins are more compliant than arteries

decrease compliance; arteriosclerosis and calcification

Question 13

what vasodilates arteries

Answer 13

O2, CO2, H+, lactate, adenosine, K+

Question 14

Nitric oxide made from

Answer 14

l arginine

Question 15

vasodilate and vasoconstrict

Answer 15

hitamine
bradykini
PG E2 and I2
E and NE via beta 2

constrict:
E and NE via alpha 1
serotonin
thromboxane
Angiotensin II
ADH

Question 16

cushing reflex

Answer 16

increase intracranial pressure –> decreased perfusion

Question 17

2 types of heart fialure

Answer 17

systolic dysfunction- HFrEF
–>impaired contractility - rely on elevated preload for adequate cardiac output

diastolic dysfunction- HFpEF
–> force of contraction ok, maybe impaired EDV

Question 18

forward flow and back flow problem in heart failure

Answer 18

impaired cardiac output to tissue impair function

congestion and edema and

Question 19

what has greatest afteload and first to fail

Answer 19

left ventricle

Question 20

pulmonary microcirculation is opposite to other vasculature

in low oxygen it

Answer 20

constricts (to improve gas exhange)

Question 21

concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy in heart failure

Answer 21

concentric- heart muscle thicken in response to increased pressure

eccentric- heart muscle enalrges, leads to decreased ejection fraction

Question 22

BNP and ANP

Answer 22

heart failure will become resistance and they no longer lead to sodium and water loss

Question 23

4 classes of heart fialure

Answer 23

class 1 physical activity is ok
2- good at rest but physical activity bad
4. heart fail

Question 24

regurgitation

Answer 24

back flow across valve

▪ Incompetence (insufficiency) = the valve does not close completely

▪ Prolapse = excessive (backwards) valve movement into the proximal chamber

Question 25

rheumatic fever is from

Answer 25

auto-immune reaction to infection with Group A streptococcus

rheumatic heart disease

Question 26

The aortic valve lies between the left ventricles and the aorta. The mitral valve lies between the left atria and the left ventricle.

Answer 26

ok