week 2 Flashcards
B2 (riboflavin) coenzymes
FAD and FMN
B3 Niacin coenzymes
NAD+ and NADP+
B1 thiamin coenyzme
TDP/TPP
use phosphatase to make the coenzyme
thiamine pyrophosphokinase to make into coenzyme
anti thiamine factors causing b1 deficiency
sulphur dioxide
thiaminases
polyphenols
b1 defieincy affects CNS
wenicke Korsakoff syndrome
wet beriberi - cardiovascular sysstem
dry beriberi- CNS
b1 testing via
transketolase activity
riboflavin B2 into FAD and FMN
metabolize riboflavin to make coenzyme: FAD synthetase and flavokinase
absorp into b2: FAD pyrophosphates and FMN phosphatase
b2 and b3 help to regenerate which antioxidant
glutathione
via fadh and nad
b2 and neurotransmitter metabolism
AMINES; dopamine, NE, E
test b2 defieincy
glutathione reductase
b3 name
nicotinic acid or nicotiamdie
nicotinamide better supplement than the acid bc side effects (i.e. skin flushing)
coenzyme: NADH NADPH
corn and niacin bound to other things effects absorption
decrease
nicotine acid cause niacin flush via
vasodilatory prostaglandin release via cycylooxygenase
NSAIDs inhibit COX
nicotinic acid (b3) does what to clots
enhanced fibrinolysis
- Actions on plasmin (increases) and fibrinogen (decreases)
dissolve clots
nicotinic acid effect on fats
Decreases circulating VDLD/LDL and increases HDL
symptoms of niacin B3 deficiency
Pellagra: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, death
vitamin B5 (patothenic acid)
coenzyme A
i..e acetyl coa, succinyl coa, fatty acyl coa
vitamin B6 (pyrixdox -al, ine, amine) for what rxns
transamination
amino acids and alpha ketoacids
pyruvate –> alanine
oxaloacetate –> aspartate
alpha ketoglutarate –> glutamate
other types of reactions, including:
▪ Trans- and de- sulfhydration ▪ Decarboxylation
forms of B6 pyridox-
6 forms of vitamins
coenzyme of B6
PLP pyridoxal phosphate
b6 helps to make b3 (NAD+ coenyme) from the amino acid
tryptophan
b6 and neurotrasnmistter
tryptophan –> GABA
tyrosine –> dopamine
glutamate –> GABA
how does b6 make anti inflammatory prostaglandins
via turning linoleic acid to gamma linoleum acid
b6 help with CVD risk by
turning homocysteine into cysteine
test for B6
tryptophan load test
if deficient have high levels of xanthurenic acid (bc need PLP to continue rxn)
b7 biotin coenzyme
lysine + CO2
to absorb need to remove carboxylase enzyme
does carboxylation rxn
folate B9 coezynme
THF (glutamates + A H’s + 1C) tetrahydrofolate
THF helps make
purine and pyrimidine (DNA)
deficincet could be megaloblastic anemia, spina bifida, cancer
whew is b9 folate stored
liver trapped as polyGlu then transported via blood as MonoGLu
b9 helps with which amino acids
methionine from homocysteine
with b12 too
methyl folate trap from what vitamin deficiency
b12
methyl folate made from
It is made from methyleneTHF
(MTHF) via the MTHFR enzyme
need b12
folate b9 correlates with
dopamine and serotonin
b12 cobalamin coenzymes
methylcobalmin (for methyl rxn) (methyl folate to homocysteine) (make methionine and regenerate THF)
adenosylcobalamin (for succinyl to propionyl coa)
b12 in stomach
pepsin and Hcl release it from food
carried by r proteins
intrinsic factor picks it up from r protein and brings down to ileum for absorption
b12 absorption
B12-IF-R via receptor-mediated endocytosis
b12 deficiency from
hypochondria (HCL low) or Intrinsic factor deficiency
can cause megaloblastic anemia/ pernicious anemia
b12 deficient test
Homocysteine or
▪ Methylmalonic acid
would be increase in both if deficient
