week 7

Question 1

specific learning disorder

Answer 1

neurodevelopmental origin, different processing info

math, read, write

10% pop, many have ADHD

dysgraphia = writing
dyscalculia
dyslexia

Question 2

aetiology of specific learning disorders

Answer 2

unknown cause of LDs, tho many genetic, congenital, neurobiological factors

learning disorders are SPECIFIC, different than ID

lifelong, tho impact can vary

have low academic achievement in one area, can inc w extreme effort

Question 3

symptoms of LD

Answer 3

neurological soft signs: CNS dyfunction that cannot be picked up on w neuro tests

1. behavioural: i.e. attention deficits, hyperactivity
2. perceptual: i.e. vis differentiation of letters and words
3. motor: balance, twitching

immature body image and agnosias: unable to ID body parts are surfaces, L/R
- finger agnosia: don’t recog own finger

poor spatial organization

associated overflow movements: can’t keep opp limbs tatic when do task w other side

motor proficiency problems

activity deficit phenomenon: adopt sedentary lifestyle bcs avoidance coping

Question 4

diagnosis learning disability

Answer 4

DSM-5 symptoms:
1. difficulty in area for 6+ months: reading, interpret, spelling, numbers
2. poor academics and everyday trouble
3. issues start at school age
4. learning diffs not due to other causes i.e. ID

Question 5

subtypes of learning disabilities

Answer 5

1. language imapired w subtle motor difficulties in info processing: prefer visual learning
2. visual-spatial-motor impaired w perceptual motor issues and clumsiness: auditory learning
   - diff w math, sometimes language

Question 6

ADHD

Answer 6

neurobiological origin, ID in early school yrs
- most are comorbid w LD, but is NOT a learning dis

Question 7

ADHD brain differences

Answer 7

frontal lobe
basal ganglia: coordinated mvmnt, suppression
reticular activating system: direct attention
brain stem
major NT systems

Question 8

DSM-5 diagnosis ADHD

Answer 8

6+ symptoms inattention and/or hyperactivity when under 16

5+ symptoms if 17+

Question 9

3 types of ADHD

Answer 9

1. predominantly inattentive
2. predominantly hyperactivity-impulsive
3. combined subtype

Question 10

tourette syndrome

Answer 10

neurodevelopmental or brain based condition, causes invol sounds and mvmnts

sudden, repetitive, unpredictable
- inc w stress

Question 11

sporadic tourette syndrome

Answer 11

no genetic link found

Question 12

causes of tourettes

Answer 12

no specific gene, may be combo

abnormal dopamine

Question 13

types of tics

Answer 13

simple vocal tic: clear throat, yell, click
complex vocal: words and phrases, echoalia, coprolalia (obscene words)

simple motor: blink, head jerk
complex motor: jump, twirl, imitate behaviour

Question 14

management of tourette’s

Answer 14

medication: start w trial
- fatigue, restless, withdrawal
- can cause depression

psychotherapy

behavioural therapy: i.e. active breaks, substitute to manageable tic

Question 15

qualities of good teaching environ

Answer 15

routine is necessary for IDs
- space reduction, discrete boundaries, small teams

learning stations effective bcs flexible

peer instruction

community programs

Question 16

supportive instructional techniques

Answer 16

mentisensory expereince: simple and concrete > abstract

demonstration

data based teaching

more from familiar to unfamiliar
- transitions are hard, should be planned for