week 3

Question 1

why did conditions for disabled change post WW2

Answer 1

1. ppl hated nazi germany’s extermination
2. parents became advocates
3. post-war prosperity inc public resources like healthcare

Question 2

president kennedy

Answer 2

made presidential commission to make national strategy for those w developmental disabilities

Question 3

improvments to institutional care

Answer 3

1. inc medications and treatments
2. inc humanization, dec abuse…teach functional skills
   - prev focus on non-functioning living skills i.e. writing
3. hired professional staff
4. began separating by disability type w formal assessment and evals to inc QOL
5. disabled can keep personal belongings
6. disabled are NOT dangerous, unlock doors, remove bars

Question 4

path of deinstitutionalization in ontario

Answer 4

1964: fed/prov conference encouraged research and needs assessment

1967: national institute on mental R was funded…conducted research and give reources to developmentally disabled

1969: bengt nirje proposes normalization, creating “normal” environ, routine, life opps

1971: ontario incorporates normalization into policy
- start institute closures

1972: book abt normalization, says to dec stereotypes

1973: welch report recommends inc services…dec hospitals and inc community care

1974: direction for community living is firmly established

1989: bill 82/education act passed, all kids w disability are educated in public school

1983: 5 yr plan to inc institute closures

2009: last institute closed, end of 130yr era

Question 5

arguments AGAINST deinstitutionalization

Answer 5

community not yet prepared

few job opps/recreational opps

poor tranport, restricted service access

inadequate policies to ensure quality programs

Question 6

benefits of deinstitutionalization

Answer 6

live at home, not hidden

teach real world and social skills

meaningful jobs and play

Question 7

comparing community vs institutes

Answer 7

living situation: inc sleep, safety, feeling of having a choice

choice and control: choice of routine, staff, meals, privacy

dignity, respect, and access to personal care inc
- more helpful in community, denied care in institute

community integration and inclusion: inc inclusion, inc friends/fam and leisure
- poor transport
- some activities restricted

Question 8

inclusion

Answer 8

regardless of ability, ppl participate in same environ w support and attention

all individuals belong and are valued

Question 9

segregation

Answer 9

pre-1950s, ppl w disabilities segregated via institutions

Question 10

integration

Answer 10

1950s-60s, since racial segregation bad, for disabled is bad

Question 11

least restrictive environments

Answer 11

1970s, new rights to employment and education

individuals eductaed alongside peers

Question 12

mainstreaming

Answer 12

disabled enter workplace and educate in mainstream/public settings

sometimes in places that can’t support needs

Question 13

full inclusion

Answer 13

1980s-90s focus on this, educate tgt w supports

1990s-present: not fully realized bcs limited resources

Question 14

OHRC

Answer 14

ontario human rights code: first legislation recognizing consequences of discriminatin

to prevent and eliminate discrimination of employment
- via marital status, race, orientation, etc

requires equal treatment in housing, services, etc

Question 15

ontarians with disabilities act

Answer 15

in 2001

to improve opportunities and to ID, remove, and prevent barriers to participation

Question 16

AODA

Answer 16

accessibility for ontarians w disabilities act, 2009
- elaborates on ODA

gives accessibility standards from pub, priv, non-profit sectors for ontarians

all orgs must make accessibility policy w goal setting
- if 50+ employees, make plans to ID and remove barriers

5 standards: info and comm, employment, transport, design of public spaces, customer service

Question 17

accessible canada act

Answer 17

2019

aka Bill C-81

dev accessibility standards and regulations w ppl w disabilities as CONSULTS

priorities: employment, environ, delivery of services
- create barrier-free canada by 2040