week 5 Flashcards
AAIDD
american association on intellectual and developmental disabilities
- originally used R, changed in 2007
researches and advocates ppl w intellectual and dev disabilities
oldest org for this
intellectual disability
limitations in intellectual function and adaptive behaviour that originates before 18 y/o
- adaptive behav: everday and soc skills
- intellectual function: reasoning and understanding, IQ 75 or under
conceptual skils
soft skills i,.e. planning, money concept, reading, writing
5 assumptions to application of ID
before assigning ID diagnosis, must see:
- limitations w/in community environ similar to peers i.e. 6y/o can’t read like 13y/o
- also consider culture - limitations consider cultural and linguistic diversity
- limitations coexist w strengths i.e. down syndrome can’t cook, but has good interpersonal skills
- desc limitations to dev profile of needed spports i.e. not searching for label, but to improve QOL
- life will improve w personalized supports
causes of ID
50% unknown cause
down syndrome most common genetic disability
prenatal causes: mother herpes, rubella, drug use
hypoxia: lack of oxygen in utero…prenatal
can be caused by malnutrition, psych/social deprivation
brain injury, abuse, accident CANNOT cause intellectual disability
- must be under 18y/o
primary prevention
prevent problem from ever occurring
i.e. education abt FAS, vaccination
directed at general pop
secondary prevention
targets existing risk factor i.e. poverty, poor nutrition
reduce effect…can minimize outcome of effects
tertiary prevention
inc lvl of functioning once disability has occurred
can slow progression of pathology or stop entirely
target pop w specific condition i.e. FAS
ableism
society places higher value on normal bodies, brains, communication
assume ppl w disablities have low QOL
justifies exclusion and extermination
butterfly effect
small change can create catastrophe w/in system
if remove disability via prenatal testing, dec disability rates…dec financial and social supports of those w disability
- devalues existance
CDSS endangered syndrome
made by canadian down syndrome society
want to be first human species on endangered list
- bcs genetic screening dec number
CDSS response: wanted to raise awareness on lack of support i.e. education, employment
- not to compare ppl to animals
down syndrome
genetic condition caused by nondisjunction—error in cell division
trisomy 21: most common, 95%…chromosome 21 does not separate and leads to 3 #21s
translocation: piece of chromo 21 breaks off and fuses w other chromo
mosaicism: individual born w trisomic (47 chromosomes)
- proportion determines if classic symptoms or none at all
myths and realities about down syndrome
only translocation is hereditary
most ppl w DS have mild-mid intellectual disability
physical characteristics down syndrome
flat face, stout hands and feet
slanted eyes and short neck
dec musc tone
simian crease: only one crease on hand
behaviour down syndrome
stubborn, short attention span
impulsive, delayed speech
cog impairment and delays
function depends on early intervention and community opportunities
organ defects in down syndrome
congenital heart disease: 40-60%, most common is AVSD an opening b/w chambers
- dec o2 and inc blood in lungs
lung disease: 54% of hospitalizations
- underdeveloped lungs, small # alveoli, dec gas exchange
- small nasal passages
vision problems: over half
hearing loss: 75% bcs of structural isses in ears
- infections cause hearing loss
leukemia: 500x more liekly
bowel defects: trachea, esophagus, anus, etc.
- blockage may need surgery
obesity and high cholesterol: diet, sedentary
alzheimer’s: 3-5x the risk
- 75% dev by 65y/o
PA concerns down syndrome
down syndrome perform motorically lower than normal
- high RHYTHM and music, can facilitate learning
joint laxity: structual weakness in ligamental/flexible joints
hypotonia: weak musc tone
atlantoaxial instability: laxity b/w c1-c2, inc risk of vertebrae slipping out
delays in postural rxns: slower milestones i.e. walking
umbilical hernia: musc dont’ rejoin where umbilical cord was
stubborn, left-handed, impaired balance
adults in motion
want things like stair elevators, more buses
need larger parking spots and sidewalk access
just recommendations to support special needs
