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HLT0256 Anatomy and Physio > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

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2
Q

The cerebrum is made up of two types of matter, what are the colours and what does each colour consist of?

A

Grey matter = cerebral cortex (outer layer of the cerebrum)
White matter = myelin axons

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3
Q

What is the job of the corpus collosum?

A

It allows for the right and left hemispheres to communicate between one another

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4
Q

What is the function of cerebrum (3)?

A

Memory, emotion, conscious thought

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5
Q

What are the gyri (gyrus) and sulci (sulcus) in the cerebral cortex?

A

Gyrus (plural gyri) = ridges
Sulcus (sulci) = groove between 2 gyri

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the folding in the brain?

A

It increases surface area

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7
Q

What is the job of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Emotional regulation, planning, higher level thinking

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8
Q

What is the job of the precentral gyrus?

A

It is the primary motor cortex = in charge of voluntary movements.

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9
Q

What is the job of the postcentral gyrus?

A

It is the primary sensory cortex = it is in charge of somatic sensation (touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception).

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10
Q

What is the job of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movement

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11
Q

What is the job of Brodmann’s area?

A

Motor movements.

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12
Q

What is aphasia, and what is broca’s aphasia?

A

Aphasia is a language disorder. Broca’s area is responsible for making words. Broca’s aphasia is where you understand everything but have trouble with speaking correctly in your language - making grammatical errors, etc.

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13
Q

What is wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s area is responsible for understanding language. Wernicke’s aphasia (also called receptive aphasia) is where you can speak fine but have no idea what you are saying (don’t understand the meaning of words).

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14
Q

What is the diencephalon? What sense does not pass through it? If it has the word thalamus in it, it is part of the diencephalon.

A

It is the connection between the cerebrum and the rest of the nervous system. Olfactory information doesn’t pass through it.

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15
Q

What is the job of the thalamus?

A

It processes information from your body’s senses (except smell) before being sent to the brain for interpration.

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16
Q

What is the job of the hypothalamus?

A

It regulates homeostasis.

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17
Q

What is the job of the epithalamus?

A

Its pineal gland secretes melatonin, which helps regulate the sleep cycle.

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18
Q

What three parts make up the brain stem?

A

The midbrain, pons, and medulla.

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19
Q

What is the job of the midbrain?

A

It helps relay information for vision, hearing, and touch.

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20
Q

What is the job of the pons and medulla?

A

It regulates the circulatory and respiratory system.

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21
Q

What is the job of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movement

22
Q

What 2 columns is the white matter in the spinal cord separated into, and what are each one’s functions?

A

1) Ascending tracts carry sensory information up to the brain
2) Descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain.

23
Q

Which of sensory and motor is in the back and which is in the front for the spine’s white columns?

A

Sensory in the back, motor in the front

24
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

It is anything besides for the brain and spinal cord.

25
Q

Is it true that nerves in the periphery have the ability to repair and regenerate themselves (slowly)?

A

Yes.

26
Q

What are ganglia (singular: ganglion)?

A

Group of nerve cells in the periphery / peripheral nervous system. They are made up of unipolar cells.

27
Q

What are cranial nerves, and what are they responsible for?

A

They are nerves attached to the brain. They are responsible for sensory and motor functions of the head, eyes, and neck.

28
Q

How many cranial nerves are there? How are they named?

A
  1. They are named by Roman numerals I-XII
29
Q

What is cranial nerve I (1) responsible for? Does it go through the thalamus?

A

It is responsible for olfaction. It doesn’t go through the thalamus.

30
Q

What two axons do all spinal nerves have?

A

Sensory and motor axons.

31
Q

What nerve root does the sensory axon separate into?

A

Dorsal / posterior nerve root

32
Q

What nerve root does the motor axon separate into?

A

Ventral / anterior nerve root

33
Q

What are the sections of cervical spinal nerves?

A

C1-C8

34
Q

What are the sections of thoracic spinal nerves?

A

T1-T12

35
Q

What are the sections of lumbar spinal nerves

A

L1-L5

36
Q

What are the sections of the sacral spine nerves?

A

S1-S5

37
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A group of nerves that control a specific part of the body.

38
Q

Where is the cervical plexus in the spinal nerves? What is their job?

A

C1-C5. It moves the head and neck, allows for motor movements and sensory (which means sense of touch).

39
Q

Where is the brachial plexus in the spinal nerves? What is their job?

A

C4-T1. It moves the upper extremities (your arms).

40
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus in the spinal nerves? What is their job?

A

L1-L5. Enables movement and sensation on the front of your legs.

41
Q

Where is the sacral plexus in the spinal nerves? What is their job?

A

L4-S4. It enables movement and sensation in the back of your legs.

42
Q

What happens when external stimuli are sensed (i.e. through visual, olfactory, auditory, taste, and touch)?

A

When detected, this sensory information is transformed into action potentials and relayed to the brain for sensation to be integrated / made into perception.

43
Q

What is sensory perception?

A

The brain making sense of the 5 senses it receives.

44
Q

What is the job of the autonomic nervous system?

A

This is the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological processes, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sexual arousal.

45
Q

What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic.

46
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoracolumbar system

47
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

It controls the “fight-or-flight” responses. It is in charge of your body’s response to dangerous or stressful situations.

48
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

It regulates the “rest and digest” function after a stressful situation.
It relaxes your body after a stressful or dangerous situation
It increases the “D” division: digestion, defecation (feces), and diuresis (urination).

49
Q

Why is the parasympathetic nervous system called that?

A

“Para” means beside / alongside of. It’s called “parasympathetic” because it is located on either side of the sympathetic nervous system along the spinal cord.

50
Q

What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Craniosacral system

HLT0256 Anatomy and Physio (13 decks)

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