Week 14 notes Flashcards
What gas regulates our breathing?
Carbon dioxide
What are the 2 zones of the respiratory system and what anatomical parts do they consist of?
1) conduction zone: nasal cavity (nose), pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles
2) respiration zone: respiratory bronchiole, alveoli
What is the job of each zone?
- Conduction zone - conducts air, adds water, warms air, cleans up debris
- Respiration zone - respiration
What is the job of cilia in the respiratory system?
It moves debris up and out of your body
What is the job of goblet cells?
It traps the debris
What is the role of the larynx?
It is your voice box
What stops food from entering our airways as we swallow?
A flap called the epiglottis
What is the job of the thyroid cartilage?
It protects your larynx / voice box
What is the glottis, and what is it made up of?
It is the part of the larynx that contains the vocal cords.
What are vestibular folds? What is their function?
They are known as “false vocal cords.” They lubricate the vocal folds with mucous and prevent food from entering the lower respiratory tract organs.
What keeps the trachea open?
Cartilage surrounding it
What are the three cells inside the alveoli?
- Type one cells: thin walls allow for rapid gas change
- Type two cells: produce surfactant, which reduces surface tension -> prevents collapse of alveoli
- Macrophage: immunity
How many lobes does the lung have? How many are on the right and how many on the left?
4 lobes. 3 on the right, 1 on the left.
Lungs are passive - what does this mean?
They are not involved in creating their movement
In which direction do gases move?
From high to low pressure
What is Boyle’s law?
Pressure and volume are inversely proportional - if the volume goes down, the pressure goes up and vice versa
What happens during inspiration?
- external intercostal muscles pull the ribs up and out, and diaphragm contracts, pulling the ribs down. This increases volume and decreases pressure, forcing air out of the thoracic chest cavity
What happens during expiration?
Muscles relax - the diaphragm balls up and the intercostal muscles relax, making the thoracic chest cavity smaller. The volume in the lungs go down, and the pressure in the lungs goes up, pushing the air in the lungs out.
Vagus nerves are part of your parasympathetic nervous system. What is their job?
They slow down breathing (I think this is wrong)
What is external respiration?
External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air
What is internal respiration?
Oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells. This occurs between tissue and the capillaries.
Did you study the lungs diagram?
Yes
