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HLT0256 Anatomy and Physio > Week 12 part 1 > Flashcards

Week 12 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 things blood is composed of?

A

RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A

1) Transportation - of nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste, etc.
2) Defence - it’s WBC protect body from threats
3) Maintains homeostasis - regulates body temperature

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3
Q

Is blood a type of connective tissue?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What are erythrocytes another name for?

A

RBC

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5
Q

When is blood oxygenated? What colour is it then and why?

A

After passing through lungs, it is bright red (due to high oxygen content)

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6
Q

When is blood deoxygenated? What colour is it then?

A

After passing through tissues, it is darker red due to lower oxygen content

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7
Q

Is it true that women have less blood than men?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Why is blood viscous (thick)? It is 5x thicker than water.

A

Because of the plasma content

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9
Q

What is blood plasma composed of?

A

Mainly water with many types of proteins in it

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10
Q

What are the three main types of plasma proteins? List them.

A
  • albumin
  • globulin
  • fibrinogen
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11
Q

What is the purpose of the albumin protein in plasma?

A

It helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood vessels

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the globulin protein? There are three types of it.

A
  • alpha and beta globulin transport materials (iron, lipids and fat-soluble vitamins)
  • gamma globulin - these includes antibodies (called immunoglobulins)
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13
Q

What is the purpose of fibrinogen? Are they the least abundant? Where are they made?

A

They are needed for blood clotting. They are the least abundant. They are made in the liver.

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14
Q

What is the process of hematopoiesis, and where does it occur?

A

It’s the differentiation of stem cells into blood parts.
It happens in bone marrow

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15
Q

What do lymphoid stem cells differentiate into?

A

Leukocytes (another name for WBC)

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16
Q

What do myeloid stem cells differentiate into?

A

Into everything else besides WBCs (i.e. RBC, platelets, and other materials)

17
Q

If someone has leukaemia, where do they need a transplant from?

A

A bone marrow transplant because that’s where fresh blood is produced

18
Q

What type of growth factor is erythropoietin?
What is it stimulated by? What is a growth factor in general?

A

It is a hormone that tells stem cells to make RBC, and is stimulated by low O2 levels.
A growth factor is a group of hormones / proteins that stimulate the growth of a specific type of tissue / cells

19
Q

Where are red blood cells secreted / made?

A

They are made in the red marrow of the bone.

20
Q

List RBC, WBC, and platelets from least to most abundant in blood.

A
  1. RBC
  2. Platelets
  3. WBC
21
Q

What is the main job of erythrocytes (otherwise known as RBC)

A

1) pick up inhaled oxygen from lungs and bring it to body’s tissues
2) pick up carbon dioxide waste from tissues and bring it to lungs to exhale

22
Q

What are RBC called before they mature in the bone marrow?

A

Reticulocyte

23
Q

RBC use anaerobic respiration since they lack mitochondria and don’t use any 02 they transport. What is anaerobic respiration?

A

A chemical reaction for respiration since there is no oxygen

24
Q

Fully developed RBC have very few organelles and contain structural proteins to maintain their shape. What is the purpose of their shape? (3 reasons)

A

1) large SA (surface exchange) for gas exchange
2) fold in half through tighter blood vessels (capillaries)
3) in wider vessels, RBCs stack themselves like coins as they move through

25
Q

What is the name of the shape of RBC / erythrocytes?

A

Bioncave disk

26
Q

What is the structure of a hemoglobin? One RBC may contain 300 million hemoglobin molecules, and it is what carries the oxygen in RBC.

A

It is made up of 4 globin proteins, each attached to one molecule of iron-containing “heme” (a pigment)

27
Q

Are platelets cells, or just pieces of cells?

A

They are not actual cells, just pieces of cells.

28
Q

What is the job of platelets?

A

They limit blood loss.

29
Q

What is the growth factor that regulates the production of platelets, i.e. what regulates the production of the cell it comes from?

A

Thrombopoietin

30
Q

Platelets are pieces of a broken cell - what is that cell called?

A

Megakaryocytes

31
Q

What is the function of hemostasis?

A

It is what your body does to prevent blood loss

32
Q

What are the three steps in hemostasis?

A

After cutting yourself:
1) The blood vessels constrict
2) Platelets plug the hole, creating a “scab”
3) Coagulation (process of creating a blood clot = changing blood from liquid to gel) happens, allowing the vessel wall to be repaired since the blood stopped leaking

HLT0256 Anatomy and Physio (13 decks)

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