week 7 Flashcards
changes in family structure
decrease in marriage rates
increase in cohabitation
increase in divorce
how are parent and adolescent relationship
most adolescents report having a close and warm relationship with their parents
adolescent parent child relationship is:
based on those established in childhood
become more egalitarian
what changes are seen in adolescents
increase in self regulation
seek control
choice
autonomy
what is promotion of volitional functioning (PVF)
a strategy whereby parents guide or scaffold adolescents decision making (rather than imposing a solution or ceding control)
what does promotion of volitional functioning (PVF) lead to
autonomy and self determination
conflicts may arise between parents and adolescents:
discrepancies between expectations of responsibilities and freedoms
views on appropriate and inappropriate behaviour
everyday issues
when is conflict between adolescents and parents more common
more common in early adolescence than later
why is there conflict between parents and adolescents
the adolescent development period often interacts with major developmental transition periods for parents which can heighten conflict
what percentage of families experience significant intergenerational conflict
less than 10%
what did Henry Stack Sullivan believe
that social needs change as we get older and are gratified through different kinds of social relationships at different ages
at what age is the parent child relationship central for providing tender care and nurturance
up until 6
why are peers important after 6
children need playmates
then they need acceptance by peer group
then at 8-12, children begin to need intimacy in the form of a close friendship
how do relationships with peers look in middle childhood
deepening in social understanding
consolidation of prosocial and antisocial/withdrawal behaviour characteristics in interactions with peers
both change and consolidation in friendships, peer status, social networks and dominance hierarchies
increased gender segregation
emergence of problematic patterns of behaviour in relations to peers eg. aggression and bullying
growth in children’s awareness and self-reflection regarding peer relations
consolidation of links between aspects of peer relations and psychosocial functioning eg. anxiety
established processes of peer influence and socialisation emerge and are observable
how do relationshios look with peers for adolescence
peer influence strong
peer status becomes entrenched and has substantial impact on psychosocial adjustment
simultaneous increase and reduction in gendered behaviour and gender-specific peer relations
simultaneous increase in both intensity of specific peer relationships/friendships and importance of social networks
emerging and growing importance of romantic relationships with peers
changing peer networks for late childhood
in late childhood, boys and girls become members of same-sex cliques, or small friendship groups, and have little to do with the other sex
changing peer networks for adolescence
boy cliques and girl cliques begin to interact during early-late adolescence
- same sex cliques provide a secure base for romantic relationships
mixed sex cliques are more obvious among popular adolescents
as less popular peers also form mixed-sex cliques, a new peer group structure, the crows, completes its evolution
couples form and the crowd disintegrates or loosens in late high school
what is the crowd
the crowd is a collection of several mixed-sex cliques
what is the purpose of the crowd
the crowd is central to arranging organised social activities, such as parties, and provides opportunities to get to know members of the other sex as friends and as potential romantic partners
the crowds purpose is to bring boys and girls together
what is a friendship
friendship is a specific form of peer relationship that is both voluntary and mutually affirmed, and which is typically characterised by feelings of companionship, affection and intimacy
what type of relationship is a friendship
dyadic rather than social
function of friendship for middle childhood and adolescence
fosters social competence (eg. prosocial skills, problem solving skills)
gives ego support
provides emotional security
is a basis for reliable alliance
friendships is a source of:
intimacy and affection
guidance and assistance
companionship and stimulation
castells 3 modes of communication in social media context
interpersonal communication
mass communication
mass self communication
what is interpersonal communication in social media
designated senders and receivers are the subjects of communication
communication is interactive eg. emails
what is mass communication for social media
traditionally one directional sent from one source to many receivers, the content of communication has the potential to be diffused to society at large
eg. youtube
what is mass self communication on social media
the message is self generated, the potential receivers is self-directed and the electronic retrieval is self-directed
mass self-communication combines features of mass communication and interpersonal communication eg. facebook
3 opportunities for action on social media include the following capabilities:
maintain a catalogue of close and distant social contacts and follow their activities
choose whether to broadcast self-expressions to everyone in the network at once or to exchange private digital communications
manicure a digital representation of the self and others
according to brown, adolescent relationships evolve through 4 phases:
initiation phase
status phase
affection phase
bonding phase
what is the initiation phase of romantic relationships
in early adolescence, the focus is on the self: to see oneself as a person capable of relating to members of the other sex in a romantic way
what is the status phase of romantic relationships
in mid-adolescence, having a romantic relationship with the ‘right kind’ of partner is important for the status it brings in the larger peer group
what is the affection phase of romantic relationships
in late adolescence, the focus is on the relationship: romantic relationships become more personal, caring relationships
what is the bonding phase of romantic relationships
in the transition to early adulthood, the emotional intimacy achieved in the affection phase is connected to a long-term commitment to create a lasting attachment bond
