week 6 Flashcards
changes in the domains of development for early childhood
physical development: fine motor skills
cognitive development: acquisition of language
psychosocial development: increasing social interactions, importance of play
what is psychosocial development
the development of the personality, and the acquisition of social attitudes and skills, from infancy through maturity
foundational parenting style theories
diana baumrind
maccoby and martin
what are the 2 dimensions of diana baumrind theory
acceptance responsiveness
demandingness-control
what is acceptance responsiveness
refers to the extent to which parents are supportive, sensitive to their children’s needs, and willing to provide affection and praise when their children meet their expectations
what is demandingness control
refers to how much control over decisions lies with the parent rather than with the child
what are the 4 basic patterns of child rearing emerge from crossing the acceptance and demandingness dimensions
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive
uninvolved/neglectful
a parent that is high on demandingness control and acceptance responsiveness is called:
authoritative
a parent high on demandingness control but low on acceptance responsiveness is called
authoritarian
a parent low in demandingness control and acceptance responsiveness is called
uninvolved/neglectful
a parent high in acceptance responsiveness and low in demanding control is called
permissive
what parenting style did maccoby and martin add to diana baumrind theory
uninvolved/neglectful
how do authoritarian parents parent
parents impose many rules, expect strict obedience, rarely explain why the child should comply with rules, and often rely on power tactics such as physical punishment to gain compliance
how do authoritative parents parent
parents set clear rules and consistently enforce them, but they also explain the rationales for their rules and restrictions, are responsive to their children’s needs and points of view, and involve their children in family decision-making
how do permissive parents parent
permissive parents are indulgent with few rules and few demands
they encourage children to express their feelings and impulses and rarely exert control over their behaviour
how do uninvolved parents parent
they seem not to care much about their children and may even reject them
uninvolved parents may be so overwhelmed by their own problems that they cannot devote sufficient energy to expressing love and setting and enforcing rules
what parenting styles leads to the best outcomes
authoritative
what are the outcomes of authoritative parents
high self-esteem, internalised moral standards, psychosocial maturity, academic success
what are the outcomes for authoritarian parents
anxiety
withdrawal
low self esteem
what are the outcomes for permissive parents
impulsivity
disobedience
rebelliousness
what are the outcomes of uninvolved parents
poor social-emotional development and control
social alienation
low self esteem
what factors can influence parenting style
cultural background
specific circumstances
birth order
number of children
changes and stresses in family
temperament of child
what is sibling rivalry
the spirit of competition, jealousy, and resentment between siblings is normal
