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PYB203 > week 11 > Flashcards

week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what age range is growing the fastest in aus

A

older population

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2
Q

in 2004 what percentage of australians were over 65

A

13%

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3
Q

by 2051 what percentage of australians will be over 65

A

27%

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4
Q

what did the Australian longitudinal study of ageing find (ALSA)

A

overall, participants were very healthy in both psychological wellbeing and cognition

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5
Q

how many ALSA participants werent depressed

A

2/3-3/4 showed no signs of depression

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6
Q

what elderly people had the highest rates of depression

A

those living in residential care

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7
Q

what percentage of ALSA showed signs of cognitive impairment

A

less than 15%

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8
Q

what declines with age

A

fluid intelligence
memory
speed of processing

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9
Q

what remains stable with old age

A

crystallised intelligence (resulting from education and culture)

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10
Q

what did ALSA find regarding housing

A

many people in their 80s and older live independently in their homes with little to no assistance (ageing in place)

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11
Q

what is ageing in place

A

remaining at home or in own community
familiar surroundings
support networks

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12
Q

theories of successful ageing

A

activity theory
disengagement theory
sociomotional selectivity theory

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13
Q

what does activity theory believe the psychosocial needs are for elderly

A

the same as the needs of middle aged adults

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14
Q

based on activity theory, where does a decrease in social interaction in old age come from

A

withdrawal by society from the ageing person

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15
Q

based on activity theory when does optimal ageing occur

A

when the person stays active

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16
Q

what is the difference between activity and disengagement theories

A

activity theory and disengagement theory take opposing perspectives on adapting to the loss of roles or activities that occurs in late adulthood

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17
Q

where does disengagement theory believe a decrease in elderly social interactions come from

A

mutual withdrawal of both the individual and society

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18
Q

what does disengagement theory believe changes in elderly

A

there is an increased preoccupation with the self and decreased investment in society

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19
Q

when does disengagement theory believe optimal ageing happens

A

when the ageing person establishes greater psychological distance from those around him/her

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20
Q

what does disengagement theory believe should be expected when ageing

A

decreased social interactions

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21
Q

what is socioemotioanl selectivity theory

A

changes in social motives due to people becoming more aware of the limited amount of time they have left

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22
Q

what do the theories place the burden of adjustment on

A

individuals

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23
Q

what do late adulthood theories of successful ageing tend to disregard

A

factors such as:
- reduced financial circumstances
- range of activity and interest levels
- social support

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24
Q

types of ageing

A

primary ageing
secondary ageing (effects of illness and disease)

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25
Q

what are the characteristics of mental disorders in older adults

A

they are underestimated and undertreated

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26
Q

why might there be a failure to diagnose and treat mental disorders

A

stigma
professionals may think elderly are less treatable
depression and anxiety may be seen as normal part of ageing

27
Q

how do young children see death

A

as reversible or temporary and not necessarily inevitable

28
Q

how do adolescents view death

A

tend to deny their own mortality

29
Q

how do young adults view death

A

they tend to be angry when faced with their own death

30
Q

how do middle adults view death

A

they become more aware of their own mortality

31
Q

how do late adults view death

A

increasing acceptance of death
generally less fearful of death

32
Q

what is dementia

A

symptoms of any illness that causes a progressive decline in a persons cognitive function

33
Q

what type of ageing is dementia

A

secondary ageing

34
Q

is dementia common

A

most common in over 65 but is still extremely rare

35
Q

what is the most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimers disease which accounts for half of all cases

36
Q

types of dementia

A

alzheimers disease
vascular dementia related to strokes
frontotemporal dementia
dementia with lewy bodies

37
Q

what is treatment like for dementia

A

each type of dementia has its own symptoms and therefore their own treatment plans

38
Q

what is needed to be diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder

A

-evidence of cognitive decline from a previous of performance eg. ef, learning, memory
- cognitive deficits interfere with independence everyday activities eg. requiring assistance
- the cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of delirium
- the cognitive deficits are not better explained by other disorders

39
Q

what is the progression of dementia

A

10+ years

40
Q

how do the cases of dementia change with age

A

2% in 70s
6% in 80s
45% in 90s

41
Q

characteristics of early onset dementia

A

under 65
often genetic
often faster progression

42
Q

when can dementia be confirmed

A

post-mortem

43
Q

key diagnostic features of alzheimers

A

memory impairment
one of more of the following:
- aphasia
- apraxia
- agnosia
- executive dysfunction

44
Q

what are alzheimers disease features in the brain

A

neuritic plaques
neurofibrillary tangles

45
Q

what are neuritic plaques

A

masses of dying neural material with a toxic protein that damages neurons

46
Q

what are neurofibrillary tangles

A

twisted strands of neural fibres within the cell bodies of neurons

47
Q

what is something we can see in the brain of advanced alzehiemers patients prior to death

A

cerebral atrophy

48
Q

what type of memory declines in alzheimers patients

A

episodic and semantic memory deficits and impaired verbal and visual learning

49
Q

how is stm and procedural in alzheimers

A

usually spared

50
Q

language characteristics for alzheimers

A

anomic aphasia (impaired confrontation naming)
general conversation skills relatively preserved until mid-late stages

50
Q

language characteristics for alzheimers

A

anomic aphasia (impaired confrontation naming)
general conversation skills relatively preserved until mid-late stages

51
Q

visuospatial characteristics for alzheimers

A

range of visuospatial and spatial orientation deficits
clock drawing

52
Q

EF characteristics for alzheimers

A

increased disorganisation
preservation
impaired metacognitive areness
impaired time estimation

53
Q

sensory functioning characteristics for alzheimers

A

preserved visual, auditory and tactile acuity

54
Q

emotional functioning characteristics for alzheimers

A

depression
behavioural and psychiatric disturbances:
insomnia
delusion
hallucinations
apthy
agitation
irritability

55
Q

characteristics of vascular dementia

A

more abrupt onset
stepwise deterioration
may have a history of hypertension

56
Q

what is delirium

A

is an acute confusional state or episode characterised by sudden onset of impaired cognition

57
Q

how many of all ages admitted to hospital have delirium

A

10-15%

58
Q

how many people develop it once in hospital

A

5-40% of hospital patients

59
Q

symptoms of delirium

A

decreased attention span
disorganised thought
rambling speech
hallucinations
delusions

60
Q

how does delirium come about

A

confusion fluctuates throughout the day
rapid onset
levels of consciousness may vary

61
Q

what causes delirium

A

drug intoxication or withdrawal
sudden onset brain disease eg. meningitis
infections
electrolyte imbalance
anticholinergic drugs
heart, liver, kidney failure

62
Q

is delirium reversible

A

yes its treatable and will go away

63
Q

can people with dementia get delirium

A

yeah they are prone to it

PYB203 (11 decks)

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