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NURS 2750 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

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2
Q

what is crohn disease

A

usually affects areas of the small intestine, causes ulcers that narrow the lumen and cause obstruction. it can also cause adhensions between loops causing fistulas (connections)

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3
Q

why is crohn disease dangerous

A

the damaged walls impair the processing and absorption of food, as well as decreasing the time available for digestion and absorption leading to malnutrition.

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4
Q

S&S of crohn disease

A
  • loose stools
  • diarrhea with cramping
  • pain and tenderness in R lower quadrant
  • anorexia/weight loss/fatigue due to malnutrition
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5
Q

what is ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of the rectum that progresses through the colon (SI rarely involved)
the mucosa and submucosa are inflamed and ulcers develop.

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6
Q

S&S of ulcerative colitis

A
  • watery diarrhea with up to 12 stools per day which contain blood and mucus
  • rectal bleeding
  • fever and weight loss
  • tenesmus (spasms of the rectum)
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7
Q

what is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A
  • affects bowel movements

- affects the large intestine

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8
Q

what is appendicitis

A

begins with the obstruction of the appendiceal lumen which causes fluid build up leading to the appendiceal wall becoming inflamed. this leads to decreased oxygen leading to ischemia and necrosis. eventually the appendix will rupture or perforate

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9
Q

S&S of appendicitis

A
  • pain around umbilical
  • nausea and vomitting
  • pain and tenderness in LRQ
  • severe pain after rupture
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10
Q

what is peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneal membranes, can have many causes

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11
Q

S&S of peritonitis

A
  • sudden, severe abdominal pain
  • abdominal distension
  • dehydration and low BP
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12
Q

common denominator in gallbladder disorders

A

gallstones

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13
Q

where do gallstones form

A

bile ducts, gallbladder, cystic duct

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14
Q

what do gallstones consist of

A

cholesterol or bile pigment, mixed content with calcium salts

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15
Q

different between small and large stones

A

small- can be excreted in bile

large- can obstruct the flow of bile and cause severe pain

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16
Q

Hepatitis A

A

fecal-oral route of transmission through contaminated water or shellfish.

17
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Transmitted by infected blood, intravenous drug users, sexual, vertical from mother to fetus, tattooing and body piercing

18
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Most commonly transmitted by Bld. Transfusion and sharing needles.

19
Q

Hepatitis D

A
  • requires presence of Hepatitis B.

- Transmitted by blood

20
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • Fecal oral

- Similar of hepatitis A no chronic or carrier

21
Q

stages of alcoholic liver disease

A

initial stage- asymptomatic and reversible, enlargement of the liver

second stage- inflammation and cell death, irreversible change

Third stage- fibrotic tissue replaces normal tissue, little normal function left

22
Q

portal hypertension

A

caused by blood coming in from intestine meeting resistance because of fibrosis in hepatocytes. EMERGENCY

23
Q

esophageal varice

A

back up of blood in shared circulation. may result in rupture

24
Q

splenomegaly

A

occurs when portal hypertension blood backs up in the circulation of the spleen

25
Q

ascites

A

big tummy leaky fluid

26
Q

acute pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

27
Q

antacids

A

neutralizes acid

28
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A

reduce acid secretion though histamine 2 blockad. -tidine

29
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors PPIs

A

irreversibly binds to H+/K+ ATPase enzyme. -prazole

30
Q

cytoprotectives

A

binds to ulcers-erosions acting as a barrier to allow healing

31
Q

immunosupressants

A

suppresses the immune system

32
Q

aminosalicylates

A

reduces inflammation in intestinal mucosa

33
Q

steroids

A

can reduce remission in IBD

NURS 2750 (11 decks)

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