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NURS 2750 > Pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of centrally acting adrenergics

A

to stimulate a2-adrenergic receptors in the brain

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2
Q

examples of centrally acting adrenergics

A

clondine, methyldopa

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3
Q

what is the function of peripherally acting a1-blockers

A

to block a1-receptors, as well as dilate arteries and veins

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4
Q

examples of peripherally acting a1-blockers

A

doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (osin’s)

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5
Q

what is the function of b-adrenergic antagonists (b-blockers)

A

reduction of the heart rate through b1-receptor blockade primarily in the heart

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6
Q

examples of b-blockers

A

propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol (olol’s or lol’s)

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7
Q

adverse drug effects of b-blockers

A

hypotension/dizziness, bradycardia/heartblock, sexual disfunction, orthostatic hypotension

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8
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

inhibits, ACE, which left alone is responsible for converting angiotensin l to angiotensin ll

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9
Q

examples of ACE inhibitors

A

perindopril, ramipril, trandolapril, enalapril (pril’s)

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10
Q

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A

benign dry cough, angioedema, hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia, pre-renal failure

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11
Q

what is the function of angiotensin ll receptor blockers (ARB’s)

A

relax veins and arteries to lower BP and make it easier for the heart to pump blood

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12
Q

examples of ARB’s

A

losartan, valsartan, candesartan, telmisartan (sartans)

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13
Q

function of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

to slow conduction in SA and AV nodes. to relax smooth muscles in the vasculature lowering BP

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14
Q

dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

does not affect HR. to relax smooth muscles in the vasculature lowering BP

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15
Q

examples of non-dihydropyridine CCB’s

A

verapamil, diltiazem

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16
Q

examples of dihydropyridine CCB’s

A

amlodipine, nifedipine (dipine’s)

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17
Q

indications of CCBs

A

angina, hypertension, antidysrhythmias, migraine headache prophylaxis, cerebral artery spasms

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18
Q

adverse drug reactions of CCB’s

A

hypotension/dizziness, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

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19
Q

function of vasodilators

A

causes peripheral vasodilation

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20
Q

function of hydralazine (vasodilator)

A

acts on arterial relaxation, IV available for rapid lowering in hypertensive emergencies

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21
Q

ADR of hydralazine

A

dizziness, headache, reflex tachycardia, edema, dyspnea, rash

22
Q

function of nitroprusside (vasodilator)

A

acts on arterial relaxation, acutely IV available for rapid lowering in hypertensive emergencies

23
Q

ADR of nitroprusside

A

headache, methemoglobinemia tolerence

24
Q

function of nitroglycerine (vasodilator)

A

lower BP or treat chest pain

25
Q

ADR of nitroglycerine

A

headache, hypotension, dizziness

26
Q

function of diuretics

A

a net dumping of sodium in the nephron, increased fluid loss via renal system

27
Q

function of loop diuretics

A

acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to block sodium resorption

28
Q

indications of loop diuretics

A

removes fluid accumulation from HF, RF, LF

29
Q

ADRs of loop diuretics

A

GI ADRs, headache, dizziness, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis

30
Q

function of potassium-sparing diuretics

A

blocks the effects of aldosterone in distal tubules and collecting ducts

31
Q

indications of potassium-sparing diuretics

A

increase K+, severe HF or LF

32
Q

ADR’s of potassium-sparing diuretics

A

standard GI complaints, dizziness, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

33
Q

function of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

A

inhibits distal tubular resorption of Na+, Cl- and K+

34
Q

example of thiazide diuretic

A

hydrochlorothiazide

35
Q

example of thiazide-like diuretics

A

metolazone, chlorthalidone, indapamide

36
Q

ADR’s of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

A

CNS: dizziness, headache
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
metabolic: low K+, Na

37
Q

drug interactions with diuretics

A

lithium and NSAIDS (ibuprofen etc)

38
Q

function of statins (antilipemics)

A

HMG-CoA inhibitors, reduces LDL and TG’s, raises HDL

39
Q

examples of statins

A

anything with statin at the end

40
Q

ADR’s of statins

A

myopathy (muscle pain), liver failure, development of type ll diabetes

41
Q

function of rhabdomyolysis

A

breakdown of muscle protein

42
Q

function of bile acid sequestrants

A

prevent resorption of bile acids from small intestine

43
Q

function of niacin (vitamin B3)

A

alters lipid metabolism in the liver and tissues

44
Q

ADR’s of bile acid sequestrants

A

nausea and constipation

45
Q

ADR’s of niacin

A

flushed feeling in face, GI upset, itchiness

46
Q

fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

A

activates lipoprotein lipase, breaking down cholesterol

47
Q

examples of fibrates

A

anything ending with fibrate

48
Q

ADR’s of fibrates

A

abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea

49
Q

function of cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe)

A

inhibits absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine, reduces LDL

50
Q

ADR’s of cholesterol absorption inhibitors

A

headache, GI upset, bloating possible

NURS 2750 (11 decks)

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