week 7 Flashcards
__________ secrete into the environment via a duct
exocrine
________ secrete directly into the bloodstream via exocytosis (polar molecule) or diffusion (non polar)
endocrine
there are many types of spiders and as a result many types of __________
webs. There are many types of silk which show the diversity of species
__________ extrude the silk via neural intervention
vascularized spinnerette organs
____________ is the exocrine gland responsible for web production
aggregate gland
___________ bacteria and fungi excrete for preventing the silk from the microbes
aqueous coating
spiders often eat their own web as
web production is ver caloric
a single thread is made of
protein crystals in Beta pleated sheet imbedded in a residue chain
the specific ____________ set the mechanical properties of the web
B sheet crystals and the specific amino acid s
silk is ___________meaning that it resists being pulled like
tensile
________ shows how much you can stretch something before it breaks
stress strain curve
*silk can go to 20x its length
where the strain curve breaks is the location of
max extensibility
________ resistance to strain
stiffness
_________ change in stiffness
stress
____________ change in stretch
modulus
spider mix two kinds of silk allowing us to ____________
extend stoping time of the insect
a larger x value helps us decrease F stop and mass m which correlated to a larger _________
extensibility
exocrine loss is very expensive rat example
Rat food intake increases dramatically with more pups but weight remains constant due to exocrine expense
_________ is made of much fibrils
muscle fiber
_______ is the site of calcium binding
troponin complex
the structural complex is the
troponin complex, actin, tropomyosin
the maximum tension occurs where t
thick/thin filament overlap
active tension depends on length of activational state is complete. Peak tension can occur during
lengthening or shortening
The activation of muscles is dependent on
calcium
ATP is involved in deactivation and activation
what happens without ATP
actin remains bound to myosin. rigger mortis
steps of muscle contraction
atp is hydrolyzed and phosphate attached to the myosin
actin binds myosin causing release of phosphate
myosin deforms pulling actin
atp can be rehydrolyzed and the process can stat over again
the slop fo the line is the
shortening velocity of the muscle
the maximum mechanical power occurs at some
arbitrary intermediate.
The ________ is structural optimal to deliver calcium
sarcoplasmic reticulum
_________from Vm is crucial for mechanical contraction (space of electrical coupling)
Ca diffusion
________ is calcium activated fluorescence indicated by changes in calcium
furaptura
gulf toad
______ contracts faster than any known muscle and can be used to sing and attract females
swim bladder
