Gas exchange Flashcards
the _____________ is responsible for carrying gas of respiration
circulatory system
The basic components of gas transfer
- breathing movement, ventilation no stagnation
- diffusion of O2, Co2 across respiratory epithelium
- bulk resport of gases by blood
- diffusion of gases across epithelium
total pressure is
the sum of all the partial pressures
the partial press of 02 in. the tissue is significantly lower at _______________
facilitating diffusion
Because respiration uses diffusion ATP is not necessary , it is an entirely _____________
passive process
Each bodily area of respiration is driven by ________________________
partial pressure and passive diffusion
____________ are move down their concentration. gradients during respiration
O2 and CO2
________ made of a protein and a metal
respiratory pigment
Example of respiratory pigments
hemoglobin and myoglobin
What is the purpose of respiratory pigments
they bind oxygen cooperatively and carry it throughout the blood
myoglobin and hemoglobin serve different ______________________
physiological needs for oxygen because of their vastly differ affinities for oxygen
__________ has a high P50 and thus a lower oxygen affinity
hemoglobins
_________ has a very low p50 and thus a very high 02 affinity
myoglobin
myoglobin serves a s a _________________
reservoir of oxygen, like an emergency battery
____________ describes the effect of protons and CO2 on the binding affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin
Bohr effect
Because of the Bohr effect as ph increases ___________________
O2 affinity decreases
*more acidic/ more protons lower affinity
Because of the Bohr effect, increases in CO2 concentration results in decreased ____________
O2 affinity
Bohr effect describes how we can more effectively deliver
oxygen to the tissues
During bird ventilation, in order to facilitate double the amount of fresh air
there is not a direct pathway for ventilation
________ allow for one way ventilation (expansion and contraction during inhalation and exhalation) in a bird
air sacs
fresh air passes across parabronuhi during _______ this increases efficiency exponentially
inspiration or expiration
During insect respiration _________ reduce water loss by producing pressure gradient
spiracles
Spiracles open and close in order to produce a
pressure gradient
air breathing bottle makes a ____________ and uses surface tension to stick to abdomen
bubble
The bubble breathing battle allows for
7x more oxygen in bubble
increasing pressure on the bubble is increasing the diffusion of oxygen on spiracles
The ________________________ go up with increasing depth.
pressure and partial pressure
The deeper under water the ______________ rises while the __________ of insect remains constant
pressure of oxygen
pressure of oxygen
____________a biological mechanism designed to enable maximum exchange between two fluids. The mechanism’s effect is dependent on the two fluids flowing in opposite directions, and having a concentration gradient between them. fluid ONE. high concentration → low concentration.
Countercurrent exchange
In countercurrent exchange a ____________ is better for diffusion
small diffusion resistance
in countercurrent exchange a large diffusion resistance results in an increase in gradient making _________________
diffusion more difficult
_________ the fluids move in the same direction
concurrent flow
Concurreert flow is driven by ____________
pressure gradient
In multicapilarry diffusion is ______________
small and rapid
