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Physci 165 > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of muscle size break down

A

muscle -> muscle fiber -> muscle febrile -> myofibrile

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2
Q

The myofibril is considered the contractile unit because it contains the _______

A

sarcomere

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3
Q

_-___________ the thin filament

A

actin

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4
Q

_____________ the thick filament

A

myosin

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5
Q

Actin is wrapped by protein structures ______________

A

troponin and tropomyosin

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6
Q

myosin is composed of ______________ and ______________

A

myosin light chain and a protein head

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7
Q

___________ blocked the binding of the myosin head to actin

A

tropomyosin

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8
Q

___________ is the binding site of calcium so that the muscle can contract

A

troponin

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9
Q

__ is only produced when the muscle is active/ contracted. This occurs when the muscle is stimulated

A

tension

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10
Q

________________ the myosin (thick filament) of muscle fibers slide past the actin (thin) filaments during muscle contraction, while the two groups of filaments remain relatively constant length

A

sliding filament hypothesis

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11
Q

maximum tension (force produced) occurs when _____________

A

thick and thin filaments overlap

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12
Q

___________ the tension force produced when a muscle is extended past resting length

A

active tension

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13
Q

___________ the tension force produced when the muscle is at its resting length

A

passive tension

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14
Q

the total tension is

A

the sum of active and passive tension

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15
Q

__________ is necessary to activate contraction

A

calcium

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16
Q

__________ is necessary to both activate and deactivate muscle contraction

A

ATP

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17
Q

When ATP is removed, we have __________

A

rigger mortis. Stiffening of a muscle

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18
Q

what are the steps of the power stroke

A
  1. troponin binds gto calcium pulling tropomyosin away from the actin bindings site
  2. myosin binds to ATP to use the phosphorylation energy to bind to actin and release ADP+P
  3. Myosin binds to ATP again causing the actin and myosin to unbind
  4. The process must repeat itself
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19
Q

___________ occurs when the force/tension acting on the muscle remaining constant while the length of the muscle changes

A

isotonic contraction

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20
Q

If the weight hanging on the muscle is too heavy there is no ____________

A

shortening velocity

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21
Q

The maximum mechanical power occurs at ________________________

A

some arbitrary intermediate shortening velocity

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22
Q

the hill equation shows that you can not arbitrarily _____________

A

increase one value and expect the shortening velocity to increase

23
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is structurally optimal to ______________________

A

deliver calcium

24
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is electrically deactivated by a ___________________________

A

depolarization of motor neuron to release calcium

25
Q

after depolarization of the mortor neuron calcium can bind ________________

A

troponin

26
Q

___________ is crucial for muscle contraction (space of electromechanical coupling_)))))))))

A

calcium diffusion

27
Q

scientists use _______________ calcium activated flournse to show the changes in calcium concentration

A

furaptra

28
Q

gulf toadfish uses ___________________ to sing and attract females

A

muscles ion the swim Blatter

29
Q

The fast contraction of muscle in the swim bladder is called ____________ because they are very short contractions

A

twitch

30
Q

twitch, short contractions are not __________________

A

ATP limiting and are low force

31
Q

The swim Bladder can be used for ________________

A

rapd escape mechanisms or slow swimming menuvers

32
Q

_________ has a whitish color due to low vascularization rapid escape

A

glycortic

33
Q

____________ is used for slow swimming because of high vascularization

A

oxidative metabolism

34
Q

_____________ max tension occurs before max length/during stretch

A

clockwise loop

35
Q

______________ max tension occurs during shortening

A

counterclockwise

36
Q

The switch in a work loop from clockwise to counterclockwise occurs because the ___________________

A

negative and positive work switch signs

37
Q

negative work is

A

the work input required to shorten the muscle

38
Q

positive work is

A

the work output during shortening

39
Q

Net work cycle is a ______________

A

net positive

40
Q

work input occurs via

A

passive tension

41
Q

work output occurs via

A

passive and active tension

42
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of fast muscles

A
  • rapid Ca++ cycling
  • lots of Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • fewer contractile elements
  • low force production
43
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of slow muscle

A
  • slow ca cycling
  • little Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • more contractile elements
  • higher force production
44
Q

Toadfish swim Blatter use

A

fast muscle

45
Q

regular skeletal muscle uses

A

slow muscles

46
Q

high force and high frequency for _______________

A

flight in small insects

47
Q

Flight muscle in insects are

A

stretch activated

48
Q

Why is insect flight energetically costly

A

high force and high frequency

49
Q

Insect flight muscles are

A
  • indirect
  • asynchronous
  • stretch activated
  • little SR more contractile elements packed for full power
  • Insects can only fly at a frequency that matches the thorax frequency
50
Q

the thorax ____________ as a result of wing movement

A

resinates

51
Q

muscles are organized into ____________

A

elevators and depressors

52
Q

insect flight muscles are organized __________ meaning when one muscle contract the other relaxes

A

orthogonally

53
Q

During each stage of flight is either the __________________

A

dorsal ventral muscles are act or dorsal lateral muscle

Physci 165 (10 decks)

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