Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physci 165 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ a camera eye one lense, photo receptors layed behind the one lense. In a simple eye the field of view is very small. But the precision of view is very high.

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an example of a species with a simple eye

A

humans, mammals, cephalopods, inverts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The function of an eye is to map the _________________ to a _____________________

A

angles of incoming light to points on the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Far off light sources produce ________

A

parallel rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Light rays that hit the retina at different angles are ______________

A

effectively parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_____________ all points on the retina Map to a different point in space

A

spatial vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___________ 1 point in space maps to one receptor

A

1 to 1 mapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The location at which the light rays hit the retina is called the ___________

A

receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______________ a simple visual organ of pigment or pigmented cells covering a sensory termination

A

eyespot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In an eyespot where is the visual epithelium located?

A

located on one side of the epithelium wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does an eyespot have spatial vision?

A

No spatial vision but light is always visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

__________ an eye consisting of a cup of dark pigment that contains anywhere from a few photoreceptors. In a pigment cup eyes there is no optical system other than the opening of aperture through which light enters the cup

A

pigment cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ extreme version of a pigment cup. The cup itself is very large across with millions of photoreceptors. They have muscles that move the eye and pupils in using diameters. They are significantly more invaginated and open to the seawater

A

pinhole eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in a pinhole eye very few photons can travel through making the image ____________ because ___________

A

better because light s mapped onto the retina precisely,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in a pinhole eye can orientation be determined

A

orientation can be determined because lots of light can get through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ high light on retina precisely. This eye required a pinhole opening. Lens allows a larger opening to facilitate focus

A

camera eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thus small opening allows us to turn Reys into points on the retina.

A

camera eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

every increment of anatomy makes an eye better this explains _________

A

eye evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The pinhole eye is an excellent example of how physical contains can push ______________

A

physical specialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vertebrate eyes have refracting lens with colliery muscle.

A

these muscle serve to adjust aperture

21
Q

Unlike simple eyes where receptors are behind one lense, in a compound eye __________________

A

each receptor has its own lens and all lense are compounded together

22
Q

compound eyes have lower resolution because the light defeats at

A

the edge of any lense

23
Q

most of life uses compound eye due to almost _____________________

A

360’ resolution

24
Q

__________ hyper polarize in response to light because NA conductance decreases

A

vertebrate photoreceptor

25
Q

________ depolarization because increased sodium conductance

A

invertebrate photoreceptor

26
Q

rhodopsin’s actives what

A

sodium channels

27
Q

What is the vertebrate pathway

A
  • rhodopsin( transformations light into enzymatic activity)
  • engages in signaling cascade
  • activated phosphodiesterase which deactivates cGMP
  • closed the cGMP activated NA channel
28
Q

hyperpolarization in vertebrates results in

A

deactivating cGMP, closing cGMP and activating Na+ channel

29
Q

__________ rhodopsin activates PLC results in more IP3 and Dag which open a channel and increase sodium conductance

A

invertebrates

30
Q

Light deactivates the light current. No light current

falls results in _____________

A

hyperpolarization

31
Q

Each photoreceptor is sensitive to fractions of ________________-

A

wavelength of light

32
Q

Each of these form different ______________

A

photoreceptors

33
Q

The strength of the membrane potential is directly correlated to the ________

A

color

34
Q

Our eyes us a ___________ system of light

A

trichromatic

35
Q

emission spectra of a firefly peaks at the exact point of spectral sensitivity in ___________

A

both species

36
Q

firefly match their own species

A

this allows for species identification

37
Q

humans have ___________

A

3 receptors that cover about 380nm to about 800nm

38
Q

butterflies are ________ which allows them to see UV spectrum

A

heterochromatic (4 receptors)

39
Q

Goldfish can see in IR and UV- ____________the sensory spectrum, more sensitivity to more wavelengths, more discrimination between colors. They can see colors we can not

A

tetrachromatic fractionate (4 receptors)

40
Q

__________ is highly directional and can reflect specifics. This allows for greater discrimination of the motion/ direction of butterflies

A

UV light

41
Q

_____________ surfaces reflect sunlight and polarized lens filter plane of polarization in particles of sunlight. Light is a particle and a wave

A

polarized light

42
Q

__________ are parallel in photoreceptors. Our photoreceptor cilia are scrambled not aligned preventing us from seeing polarized

A

microvilli

43
Q

__________ maximize surface area. In one photoreceptor, all of them are parallel

A

microvilli

44
Q

In one receptor, all the microvilli are in parallel because this allows

A

it to be intrinsically sensitive to the 3 vectors of light in eyes like a variety of polarized lenses

45
Q

____________ changing the orientation changes the amplitude and the us wavelength

A

plane of polarization

46
Q

how does eye location indicated predator or prey

A

eyes located on the side indicates the animal is likely prey while forward facing indicates predators

47
Q

________________ result in the deformation of ion channels. There is then a recording of action potentials not Vm

A

stretch receptors

48
Q

The receptor potential of a sensory receptor is determined by

A

-depolarization is driven by sensory stimuli not sodium. They still occur in the presence of TTX

49
Q

receptor potentials are a slow process and are driven by

A

G protein receptors

Physci 165 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions