WEEK 6: WBCs and Disorders

Question 1

what’s the difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 1

serum is from clotted blood - plasma is from blood that isn’t clotted

Question 2

what’s the difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 2

serum is from clotted blood - plasma is from blood that isn’t clotted

Question 3

what is the haematocrit?

Answer 3

it represents the percentage of total blood volume occupied by rbcs

Question 4

what is the haematocrit?

Answer 4

it represents the percentage of total blood volume occupied by rbcs

Question 5

what is the normal haematocrit for men and women?

Question 6

what is the key function of the immune system?

Answer 6

to recognise and discriminate between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’: microbes/pathogens

Avoid attacking healthy cells and tissues

Eliminate pathogens, cancers, dead cells

Question 7

describe the process of phagocytosis. (6) slide 11

Question 8

what are the 3 professional antigen presenting cells?

Answer 8

dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells

Question 9

what are the key features of both dendritic cells and macrophages as APCs ?

Answer 9

• phagocytic
• express receptors for apoptotic cells, DAMPS and PAMPS
• localize to tissues
• localize to T cell zone of lymph nodes
• express high levels of MHC class 2 molecules

Question 10

what are the key features of B cells as an APC?

Answer 10

• ## internalize antigens

Question 11

slide 12

Question 12

function of B cell

Answer 12

neutralization of pathogens
phagocytosis
complement activation

Question 13

function of helper T cell

Answer 13

activation of macrophages
activation of other T and B cells
inflammation

Question 14

function of cytotoxic T cell

Answer 14

elimination of infected/malignant cells

Question 15

function of regulatory T cell

Answer 15

regulate and/or suppress immune response

Question 16

function of NK cell

Answer 16

elimination infected/malignant cells

Question 17

what cells are the phagocytes?

Answer 17

neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages

Question 18

where do immune system cells generate?

Answer 18

bone marrow

Question 19

where do T cells mature?

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

what is the myeloid lineage?

Answer 20

the process that gives rise to neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, platelets and erythrocytes

Question 21

what is the lymphoid lineage?

Answer 21

it’s the process that gives rise to T cells, B cells, NK cells and dendritic cells

Question 22

what is differentiation of stem cells mediated by?

Answer 22

cytokines and cell to cell interaction

Question 23

listen to slide 23 again

Question 24

what is leukocytosis? (aka leukophilia)

Answer 24

high number of WBCs, can be caused by: infections, allergies, inflammatory diseases, cancer (blood cancers)

Question 25

what is leukopaenia?

Answer 25

low levels of WBCs, caused by: bone marrow conditions (primary or secondary), certain drugs or treatments, certain infections (HIV), malnutrition, certain autoimmunity (Lupus/SLE)

Question 26

listen to slide 28-38

Question 27

what do M1 macrophages do?

Answer 27

“fighting macrophages”
pro-inflammatory
microbicidal
anti-tumoral