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APO509 - CELLULAR AND TRANSFUSION SCIENCE > WEEK 3: ABO Blood Groups > Flashcards

WEEK 3: ABO Blood Groups Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a blood group?

A

An inherited character of the red cell surface detected by a specific alloantibody

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2
Q

what is the biological role of a blood group? (4)

A

–Recognition of self and non-self
–Maintenance of cellular integrity
–Involvement in cell maturation
–Susceptibility or resistance to disease

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3
Q

which two classes of immunoglobulin are of interest in blood groups for transfusion?

A

IgM and IgG

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4
Q

what is the structure of IgM?

A

pentameric - means 5 sub units. It is a big molecule

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5
Q

how many antigen binding sites does IgM have?

A

10

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6
Q

why do rbcs repel each other?

A

the membrane has a negative charge

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7
Q

do IgM anti bodies cross the placenta?

A

no.

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8
Q

what temp does IgM work best?

A

below 37 celcius

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9
Q

what is the structure of IgG?

A

monomeric (a protein that has a single polypeptide chain)

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10
Q

how many antigen binding sites does IgG have?

A

2

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11
Q

Which antibody causes agglutination? IgM or IgG?

A

IgM

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12
Q

can IgG cross placenta?

A

yes.

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13
Q

why doesn’t IgG not usually bind complement?

A

there’s not enough to activate cascade

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14
Q

what percentage of people in the UK have the blood group O?

A

47%

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15
Q

what percentage of people in the UK have the blood group A?

A

42%

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16
Q

what percentage of people in the UK have the blood group B?

A

8%

17
Q

what percentage of people in the UK have the blood group AB?

A

3%

18
Q

what 3 genes governs the presence of A and B blood groups?

A

H gene, A gene and B gene

19
Q

what chromosomes are H, A and B genes located on?

A

H is on chromosome 19. A and B are both located on chromosome 9 and are co-dominant alleles.

20
Q

what enzyme does the H gene code for?

A

H enzyme

21
Q

what enzyme does the B gene code for?

A

B enzyme

22
Q

slide 15

A
23
Q

what genotypes produce blood group A? (2)

A

AA and AO

24
Q

what genotypes produce blood group B? (2)

A

BB and BO

25
Q

what genotype produces blood group AB?

A

AB

26
Q

what genotype produces blood group O?

A

OO

27
Q

what percentage is there of each subgroup of A antigen?

A

*A1 –80%
*A2 –20%

28
Q

when do antibodies develop?

A

over the first 4 months after birth

29
Q

are ABO antigens sugars or proteins?

A

sugars

30
Q

what is Landsteiner’s Law?

A

ABO antibodies are found in the plasma against the ABO antigens an individual lacks

31
Q

give the antigen on rbc and antibody in plasma if patient has blood group O.

A

antigen on rbc - none
antibody in plasma - anti-A and anti-B

32
Q

give the antigen on rbc and antibody in plasma if patient has blood group A

A

antigen on rbc - A
antibody in plasma - anti-B

33
Q

give the antigen on rbc and antibody in plasma if patient has blood group B

A

antigen on rbc - B
antibody in plasma - anti-A

34
Q

give the antigen on rbc and antibody in plasma if patient has blood group AB

A

antigen on rbc - A and B
antibody in plasma - none

35
Q

when do antigens develop?

A

development over first 1-2 years of life

36
Q

what gene allows the RhD antigen to be incorporated into the cell?

A

RhAG gene on chromosome 6

37
Q

what are the characteristics of weak D?

A
  • possesses all normal D antigens but has less
  • cannot produce anti-D
38
Q

what are the characteristics of partial D?

A
  • lacks part of a normal D antigen
  • can produce anti-D
  • regarded as RhD neg as a donor
39
Q

what do RhD negative individuals lack?

A

they lack the D antigen (no RhD gene)

APO509 - CELLULAR AND TRANSFUSION SCIENCE (18 decks)

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