Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 6 Upper Resp > Flashcards

Week 6 Upper Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Antitussives are useful in blocking the cough reflex and preserving the energy associated with prolonged, nonproductive coughing. Antitussives are best used for:
A. postoperative patients
B. asthma patients
C. patients with a dry, irritating cough
D. COPD patients who tire easily

A

C!
- you don’t want to stop the coughing reflex for the other diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A patient taking a behind-the-counter cold medication and a behind-the-counter allergy medicine is found to be taking double doses of pseudoephedrine. As a result the patient might exhibit:
A. ear pain and eye redness
B. restlessness and palpitation.
C. sinus pressure and ear pain
D. an irritating cough and nasal drainage

A

B!
- causes SNS effect> fight/ flight
- increased HR, palpitation, jittery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antitussives prototype drug

A

Dextromethorphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Decongestants prototype drug

A

pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Expectorant prototype drug

A

Guaifenesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

therapeutic action: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A

Centrally suppress the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain to control cough spasms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indications: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A

Treatment of a nonproductive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A
  • Rapidly absorbed, metabolized by the liver, excreted in the urine
  • Cross the placenta and enter breast milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adverse Effects: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A
  • drying effect on mucous membranes
  • makes secretions thicker
  • drowsiness and sedation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contraindications: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A
  • Pts who need to cough in order to maintain airways
  • post-op pts, asthma, CF, emphysema
  • CNS depression/ head injury
  • caution use in pregnancy/ lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drug-drug interaction: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A
  • Avoid MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors> causes severe side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nursing considerations: Antitussives (dextromethorphan)

A
  • Neuro: LOC, orientation, affect
  • Resp: lung sounds, cough, secretions
  • Acute medication, DO NOT use more than 1 wk
  • use other measures to help relieve cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

therapeutic action: Decongestants

A
  • Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors> vasoconstriction> Shrinks swollen mucous membranes and opens clogged nasal passages
  • Sympathomimetic: mimics the effects of the SNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indications: Decongestants

A
  • Relieves nasal congestion
  • Decreases pain and congestion of otitis media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Decongestants

A
  • oral: widely distributed
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adverse Effects: Decongestants

A
  • Systemic SNS effects; Fight/ flight affect
  • anxiety, hypertension, urinary retention, pallor, vision changes
17
Q

Contraindications: Decongestants

A
  • conditions that could be exacerbated by sympathetic activity
  • HTN, glaucoma, coronary disease
  • caution use in pregnancy/ lactation
18
Q

Drug- Drug interaction: Decongestants

A
  • Many OTC cold/ flu/ allergy contain pseudophedrines> Caution on dosages
19
Q

Nursing Consideration: Decongestants

A
  • Neuro: reflexes, orientation
  • Cardiac: BP, HR
  • Resp: lung sounds, congestion,
  • Acute medication, DO NOT use more than 1 wk
  • OTC safety w/ dosages, avoid overdose
20
Q

Therapeutic action: Expectorant

A

Reduces adhesiveness and surface tension of resp tract fluids> thinning of secretions allows easier movement> creates more productive but less frequent cough

21
Q

Indications: Expectorant

A
  • Control of a production cough
  • common cold, acute bronchitis, influenza
22
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Expectorant

A
  • oral: 30 min, 4-6hrs
  • metabolism and excretion not reported
23
Q

Adverse effects: Expectorant

A

GI: n/v/ anorexia
- Headache, dizziness, mild rash

24
Q

Contraindications: Expectorant

A
  • Allergy to drug
  • caution in pregnancy and lactation
  • not used for a persistent cough!
25
Q

Drug-drug interaction: Expectorant

A

NONE!

26
Q

Nursing considerations: Expectorant

A
  • resp: lung sounds, cough, evaluate effectiveness
  • Neuro: monitor CNS effects
  • Skin: monitor for rash
  • temp: underlying infection
  • Acute medication, DO NOT use more than 1 wk
  • Hydrate!
  • avoid driving if dizziness occurs
  • OTC safety w/ dosages, avoid overdose
27
Q

Children considerations

A
  • Do not use < 4y.o
  • Caution use from 4-6 y.o.
  • CNS effect more common
  • In many OTC drugs> check labels
  • Encourage nondrug measures
  • Fluids, humidifier, avoid smoke, wash hands
28
Q

Adult considerations

A
  • In many OTC drugs> check labels
  • Ask about other OTC drugs and herbals
  • Encourage nondrug measures
  • Saftey during pregnancy is not established
  • Potential blood flow changes of fluid balance and milk production
29
Q

Older Adults consideration

A
  • Frequently prescribed
  • More likely to develop CNS adverse effects
  • Provide safety measures for mobility and balance> fall risks
  • Impaired metabolism and excretion w/ organ dysfunction
  • Dose may need to be adjusted

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions