Week 1 Flashcards
The study of the biological effects of chemicals
pharmacology
chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause change
drugs
The branch of pharmacology that deal with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of diseases in humans
pharmacotherapeutics
Nursing responsibilities when it comes to drugs
- administer drugs
- assessing drug effects
- medication education
- make medication regimen more manageable
- monitor overall pt care
Sources of drugs
- plants
- Animals
- inorganic compounds
- synthetic compounds/ man made
Drug evaluation must go on for every patented drug T or F?
TRUE
What is the first phase of drug evaluation?
Preclinical trials w/ lab animals
Drug evaluation phases
- preclinical trial: lab animals
- Phase 1 studies: healthy volunteers
- phase 2 studies: pts who have disease drug is supposed to help
- phase 3: vast clinical markets
- phase 4: continual eval
What drugs would be recommended during pregnancy
- HTN
- gestational diabetes
- antidepressants
- Prenatal Vitamin/ supplements
Drugs with abuse potential is called
controlled substances
What category ranking of abuse potential is controlled substances
C-II
When a drug receives approval from the FDA, the drug is given a time-limited patent
Brand Names
When the patent runs out on a brand name drug, it can be produced by other manufacturers
Generic names
What are some requirements both generic and brand name medications need to have
- both require the same strength of the active ingredient
- must use the same dosage
- must use the same route
What are products called that are available w/out prescription
OTC medication
How the DRUG effects the body
Pharmacodynamics
Drugs work in one of four ways…
- to replace or act as substitute for missing chemicals
- To increase/ stimulate certain cellular activities
- to depress/ slow certain cellular activities
- to interne functioning of foreign cells
Drugs that interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at that site
Agonist reaction
Drugs that react with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing NO effect
Competitive agonist reaction
Drugs that react w/ specific receptor sites on a cell and by reacting there prevent the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on the cell
Noncompetitive agonist reaction
How the BODY ACTS on the drug
Pharmacokinetics
the amount of drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect
Critical concentration
A higher dose than is usually used for treatment; used with drugs that take a prolonged period to reach critical concentration, but the effects are needed quickly
Loading Dose
Dynamic equilibrium involves 4 processes which are…
- absorption from the entry site
- distribution to the active site
- metabolism in the liver
- excretion from the body
