Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the biological effects of chemicals

A

pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause change

A

drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The branch of pharmacology that deal with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of diseases in humans

A

pharmacotherapeutics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nursing responsibilities when it comes to drugs

A
  • administer drugs
  • assessing drug effects
  • medication education
  • make medication regimen more manageable
  • monitor overall pt care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sources of drugs

A
  • plants
  • Animals
  • inorganic compounds
  • synthetic compounds/ man made
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drug evaluation must go on for every patented drug T or F?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first phase of drug evaluation?

A

Preclinical trials w/ lab animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drug evaluation phases

A
  • preclinical trial: lab animals
  • Phase 1 studies: healthy volunteers
  • phase 2 studies: pts who have disease drug is supposed to help
  • phase 3: vast clinical markets
  • phase 4: continual eval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drugs would be recommended during pregnancy

A
  • HTN
  • gestational diabetes
  • antidepressants
  • Prenatal Vitamin/ supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drugs with abuse potential is called

A

controlled substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What category ranking of abuse potential is controlled substances

A

C-II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When a drug receives approval from the FDA, the drug is given a time-limited patent

A

Brand Names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When the patent runs out on a brand name drug, it can be produced by other manufacturers

A

Generic names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some requirements both generic and brand name medications need to have

A
  • both require the same strength of the active ingredient
  • must use the same dosage
  • must use the same route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are products called that are available w/out prescription

A

OTC medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How the DRUG effects the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Drugs work in one of four ways…

A
  • to replace or act as substitute for missing chemicals
  • To increase/ stimulate certain cellular activities
  • to depress/ slow certain cellular activities
  • to interne functioning of foreign cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drugs that interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at that site

A

Agonist reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drugs that react with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing NO effect

A

Competitive agonist reaction

20
Q

Drugs that react w/ specific receptor sites on a cell and by reacting there prevent the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on the cell

A

Noncompetitive agonist reaction

21
Q

How the BODY ACTS on the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

22
Q

the amount of drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect

A

Critical concentration

23
Q

A higher dose than is usually used for treatment; used with drugs that take a prolonged period to reach critical concentration, but the effects are needed quickly

A

Loading Dose

24
Q

Dynamic equilibrium involves 4 processes which are…

A
  • absorption from the entry site
  • distribution to the active site
  • metabolism in the liver
  • excretion from the body
25
Q

What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

A

Absorption

26
Q

What absorption area in the body is the most common

A

GI tract( oral)

27
Q

What can impact medications distribution to the body?

A
  • Drugs lipid soluability
    -high lipid soluable can pass through blood-brain barrier but non lipid soluable get stopped and do not pass
  • the perfusion of the reactive tissues
  • low perfusion the medication does not disperse well
28
Q

The mov’t of a drug to the bodys tissues

A

distribution

29
Q

The process by which drugs are changed into new, less active chemicals

A

Metabolism

30
Q

Where are drugs metabolized

A

LIVER

31
Q

The removal of a drug from the body

A

Excretion

32
Q

What organ plays a big role in excretion?

A

KIDNEYS

33
Q

What is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of its peak level

A

Half-life

34
Q

What if a patient has kidney disease, is there half life longer or shorter?

A

LONGER

35
Q

What are factors that influence drug effects

A
  • weight
  • age
  • sex
  • genetic factors
  • physiological factors
  • pathological factors
  • tolerance
  • accumulation
  • environmental factors
  • immunological factors
  • psychological factors
36
Q

What are some interactions that can occur when taking a drug

A
  • drug-drug interaction/ alternative therapies- drug
  • drug-food interactions
  • drug- lab test interactions
37
Q

Undesired effects that may be unpleasant or even dangerous

A

Adverse effects

38
Q

Adverse effect types

A
  1. primary action
  2. secondary action
  3. hypersensitivity reactions
39
Q

Primary action

A

An extension of the desired effect
- anticoag creates too thin blood and excessive bleeding occurs

40
Q

Secondary Action

A

Effects in addition to the desired effects
- benedryl creates drowsiness

41
Q

Hypersensitive reaction

A
  • excessive response to the primary or the secondary effects of a drug
42
Q

occurs when the body forms antibodies to a drug which results in an immune response when the person is re-exposed to the drug

A

Drug allergy

43
Q

Immediate, rash, difficulty breathing, high HR and PB, panic feeling

A

Anaphylactic reaction

44
Q

8 med checks

A
  1. right person
  2. right drug
  3. right storage
  4. right route
  5. right dose
  6. right preparation
  7. right time
  8. right documentation
45
Q

Not immediate, high fever, swollen lymph nodes, edema, painful joints

A

Serum sickness reaction

46
Q

not immediate, damage to blood forming cells, elevated liver enzymes

A

Cytotoxic reaction

47
Q

not immediate, rash, hives, swollen joints

A

Delayed allergic reaction

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions