Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 10 Antianginal > Flashcards

Week 10 Antianginal Flashcards

1
Q

what is Angina

A

chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

children considerations

A
  • Antianginals are not indicated for any condition commonly found in children
  • In congenital heart defects or cardiac surgery, nitroglycerin may be used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Older adult considerations

A
  • Recognize which activities tend to precipitate an anginal attack and avoid those circumstances
  • Educate on how to use the drug and how much to take before seeking emergency care
  • Nitro 1 tab q5 min, max of 3 tabs
  • Stress the importance of other measures to help reduce their risk of CV disease (wt loss, diet, exercise, smoking cessation)
  • Antianginal drugs should NOT be used during pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adult considerations

A
  • More likely to develop adverse effects associated w/ the use of these drugs; arrhythmias, hypotension, heart disease
  • More likely to have renal or hepatic impairment
  • Start at a lower dose than recommended and then increase dose gradually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nitrate prototype drug

A

nitroglycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta blocker prototype drug

A

metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

calcium channel blocker prototype drug

A

diltiazem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Therapeutic action: Nitrates

A
  • Relaxes vascular smooth muscle> decrease in venous return and decrease in arterial BP> reduced left ventricular workload and myocardial oxygen consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

indications: Nitrates

A
  • Acute angina, prophylaxis of angina, IV treatment of angina unresponsive to beta blockers, periop hypotension, HF associated with acute MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pharmacokinetics: Nitrates

A
  • MANY Routes; onset varies
  • short half life
  • rapidly absorbed
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
  • cross placenta/ detected in breastmilk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adverse effects: Nitrates

A
  • Adverse effects are related to vasodilation and decrease in blood flow; hypotension, headache, dizziness, tachycardia, rash, flushing, n/v, sweating, chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contraindications: Nitrates

A
  • Severe anemia; decreased cardiac output> decreased ability to deliver oxygen
  • head trauma/ cerebral bleed; relaxation risk intracranial bleeding
  • Hypotension and Hypovolemia; exacerbate resulting in serious adverse effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

drug-drug interactions: Nitrates

A
  • DO NOT combine nitrates w/ drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction; serious hypotension or other CV events could occur
  • Risk of decreased therapeutic effects of heparin if given w/ nitrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nursing considerations: Nitrates

A
  • Assess HR, BP, ECG, perfusion, electrolytes, renal function tests
  • inspect skin for color, intactness, or irritation; roate sites of topical forms to prevent skin breakdown (topical creams)
  • assess pts complaint of pain
  • instruct pt to sit or lie down prior to administration; risk of hypotension
  • Give sublingual under tongue or in buccal pouch; ask if tablet is fizzing or burning
  • DO not chew/ crush sustained release forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Therapeutic actions: Beta blockers

A
  • Competitively block beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing the influence of the SNS on these tissues> decreased excitability of the heart, decreased CO, decreased cardiac oxygen consumption, and decreased BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

indications: Beta blockers

A
  • Stable angina, HTN, prevention of reinfarction in MI pts, and stable, systemic HF
17
Q

pharmacokinetics: Beta blockers

A
  • Oral and IV med
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
18
Q

adverse effects: Beta blockers

A
  • related to the blockage of the SNS; dizziness, vertigo, HF, arrhythmias, gastric pain, flatulence, v/d, impotence, decreased exercise tolerance
19
Q

contraindications: Beta blockers

A
  • Allergy to med
  • bradycardia, heart block, and cardiogenic shock
  • use caution; diabetes, PVD, asthma, COPD
20
Q

drug-drug interactions: Beta blockers

A
  • Decreased antihypertensive effects occur when beta-blockers are given w/ NSAIDs
  • change in BG if beta blockers are given w/ insulin or antidiabetic agents
  • Avoid clonidine; causes paradoxical hypertension
21
Q

nursing considerations: Beta blockers

A
  • Assess HR, BP, ECG, perfusion, electrolytes, renal function tests
  • DO NOT stop abruptly after chronic therapy; taper gradually over 2 wks
  • establish daily activity program; space activities out
  • monitor CO regularly to evaluate drug effectiveness and monitor changes
22
Q

Therapeutic actions: calcium channel blockers

A
  • Inhibit the mov’t of calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering the action potential and blocking muscle cells contraction
  • decreased BP, cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen consumption
23
Q

Indications: calcium channel blockers

A
  • prinzmetal angina, effort- associated angina, chronic stable angina
24
Q

pharmacokinetics: calcium channel blockers

A
  • Oral and IV med; generally well absorbed
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
  • crosses the placenta/ detected in breastmilk
25
Q

adverse effects: calcium channel blockers

A
  • related to the effect on cardiac output and on smooth muscle; dizziness, light-headedness, headache, edema, AV block, flushing, nausea
26
Q

adverse effects: calcium channel blockers

A
  • Oral and IV med; generally well absorbed
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
  • crosses the placenta/ detected in breastmilk
27
Q

contradictions: calcium channel blockers

A
  • related to the effect on cardiac output and on smooth muscle; dizziness, light-headedness, headache, edema, AV block, flushing, nausea
28
Q

contraindications: calcium channel blockers

A
  • Allergy to med
  • Heart block; exacerbated by conduction slowing effects of the drug
  • renal/hepatic dysfunction
    pregnancy/ lactation
29
Q

drug-drug interactions: calcium channel blockers

A
  • increased in serum levels and toxicity of cyclosporine is possible if taken w/ diltiazem
30
Q

nursing considerations: calcium channel blockers

A
  • Assess HR, BP, ECG, perfusion, electrolytes, renal function tests
  • avoid grapefruit juice; can increase to toxic levels
  • assess pts complaint of pain and if measures relieve it
  • monitor pts BP, CO, and cardiac rhythm closely while drug is being administered
  • Monitor pts BP closely if the pt is also taking nitrates; increased risk of hypotensive episode
31
Q

Beta-blockers suffix

A

“lols”

32
Q

what class does nitroglycerin belong to

A

nitrates

33
Q

what class does metoprolol belong to

A

beta blockers

34
Q

what class does Diltiazem belong to

A

calcium channel blockers

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions