Week 2 Flashcards
antibiotics
Why do we use antiinfectives?
to target foreign organisms that invaded and infected a human host
What is the role of antiinfectives?
- reduce pathogen population
T or F anti-infectives lack total selective toxicity
True,
- they attack both target organisms and healthy human cells
Cause cell death
Bactericidal
Prevent organism from reproducing
bacteriostatic
The nurse is describing to a client how the client’s newly-prescribed anti-infective medication produces a therapeutic effect. What explanation should the nurse provide the client?
A. Anti-infectives mobilize the client’s own immune system against a microorganism.
B. Anti-infectives increase resilience of human body cells.
C. The goal of treatment is to identify drugs that are selectively toxic to human cells.
D. Many anti-infectives interfere with normal functioning of the target organism.
D!
interferes with normal functioning of the target organism
Broad spectrum of activity
useful in treating a wide variety of infections
narrow spectrum of activity
effective against only a few microorganisms with a very specific metabolic pathway or enzyme
- used with culture/ sensitivity testing
Different roles antiinfective play
- treatment of bacteria
- prophylaxis treatment
Adverse reactions of antiinfectives
- hypersensitivity/ allergy
- CNS effects
- Kidney damage
- GI toxicity
- Superinfections
A client experiencing a urinary tract infection has been prescribed a medication that is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. What is themostlikely rationale for the use of a combination antibiotic?
A. The drugs’ combined effect exceeds the sum of their individual effects.
B. It is not possible to culture the microorganisms most likely responsible for the infection.
C. One of the antibiotics exists solely to facilitate absorption of the other.
D. One antibiotic is narrow-spectrum and one is broad-spectrum.
A: synergistic; together more powerful
Which client is receiving prophylactic anti-infectives?
A. A client with metastatic lung cancer who will soon begin chemotherapy
B. A client with human immunodeficiency syndrome who begins antiretroviral therapy
C. A client who is prescribed a 3-day course of antibiotics prior to dental surgery
D. A client who has been admitted for the treatment of an infected surgical incision
C. Prior= prophylactic
Otoxicicity
hearing loss, common adverse effect of antibiotics
Nursing considerations for CNS adverse effects?
- nuero assessment
- know pts baseline
- minimize fall risks
- monitor neurologic status
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV gentamicin and who reports difficulty hearing this morning. What should the nurse do?
A. Hold the dose and notify the provider immediately.
B. Make a referral for auditory testing.
C. Administer the dose and report this information to the oncoming nurse.
D. Administer the dose and document the finding in the client’s health record
A. Let dr know ASAP!
T or F kidney damage/ failure can occur from taking antibiotics
TRUE
- direct toxic effect on cells in the kidney
- can cause renal dysfunction
Nursing considerations for kidney dysfunction
- know baseline renal function
- monitor labs; BUN and Cr
- monitor urine output
- stay well hydrated
T or F GI toxicity is very common with many antiinfectives
T!
- kill both good and bad cells
- some are toxic to liver
- opportunistic infections can occur
Nursing considerations for GI toxicity
- anticipate n/v
- monitor stool output
- watch for dehydration
- watch liver labs
Destruction of normal flora allows opportunistic pathogens to take over and invade tissues
superinfections
- c. diff
- yeast infections(thrush/vaginal)
T or F early exposure to antiinfective can lead to early sensitivity
True it can!
T or F older adults can have varied s/s of infections
True they can!
A microorganisms ability to adapt over time to an antiinfective drug and produce cells that are no longer affected by particular drug
resistance
Innate resistance
natural resistance
- not all drugs work on all organisms