Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 12 Diuretics > Flashcards

Week 12 Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide diuretic prototype drug

A

hydrochlorthiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

loop diuretic prototype drug

A

furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

potassium-sparing diuretic prototype drug

A

spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Therapeutic action: thiazide diuretic

A

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in distal renal tubules, increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

indications: thiazide diuretic

A
  • Adjunctive therapy for edema associated w/ heart failure, cirrhosis, estrogen or corticosteroid therapy, and renal dysfunction
  • Treatment of hypertension by self or in combination w/ antihypertensives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pharmacokinetics: thiazide diuretic

A
  • Administered orally
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in kidney
  • crosses the placenta/ breastmilk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse effects: thiazide diuretic

A

Related to interference of the nephron
- F &E balance (hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, high uric acid levels)
- hypotension, dizziness, vertigo
- polyuria, nocturia
- n/v/d, anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contradictions: thiazide diuretic

A
  • Allergy
  • Fluid/electrolyte imbalances
  • severe renal disease; prevent diuretic from working
  • systemic lupus
  • diabetes mellitus; worsened by diuretics
  • gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

drug-drug interactions: thiazide diuretic

A
  • Decreased absorption of these drugs may occur if taken w/ cholestyramine; separate by at least 2 hrs
  • decreased effectiveness of antidiabetic agents may occur related to changes in glucose metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nursing considerations: thiazide diuretic

A
  • Get baseline physical assessment
  • monitor I &O, assess voiding pattern
  • Assess weight daily; same scale, same time of day, same amount of clothes
  • Monitor electrolytes, renal, and liver functions
  • monitor cardiac response & cardiac rhythm
    -administer oral for early in the day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

therapeutic actions: Loop diuretics

A

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the distal renal tubules and the loop of Henle, leading to a sodium-rich diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

indications: Loop diuretics

A

Treatment for edema associated w/ heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pharmacokinetics: Loop diuretics

A
  • Oral, IV, or Im
  • metabolized in lever, excreted in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects: Loop diuretics

A

Related to imbalance in electrolytes and fluid
- hypokalemia> lost K in tubules
- hypotension, dizziness, vertigo
- rash, urticaria
- n/v, anorexia
- urinary bladder spasm
- long term use; hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contraindications: Loop diuretics

A
  • Allergy
  • Electrolyte depletion; aggravated by electrolyte effects
  • Anuria or severe renal failure; prevent diuretic from working
  • Hepatic Coma; exacerbated by fluid shifts
  • Lupus, gout, and diabetes mellitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

drug-drug interactions: Loop diuretics

A
  • Risk of ototoxicity increases if combined w/ aminoglycosides or cisplatin
  • effects of anticoags may increase if given w/ loop diuretics
17
Q

nursing considerations: Loop diuretics

A
  • Get baseline physical assessment
  • monitor I &O, assess voiding pattern
  • Assess weight daily; same scale, same time of day, same amount of clothes
  • Monitor electrolytes, renal, and liver functions
  • monitor cardiac response & cardiac rhythm
    -administer oral for early in the day
18
Q

Therapeutic actions: Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Competitively blocks the effects of aldosterone in the renal tubule, causing loss of sodium and water, and retention of potassium

19
Q

indications: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Primary hyperaldosteronism
  • Adjunctive therapy for edema associated w/ heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis
  • treatment of hypokalemia or prevention of hypokalemia in high risk pts
  • essential HTN
20
Q

pharmacokinetics: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • oral med
  • well absorbed & widely distributed
  • metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
  • crosses placenta/ breastmilk
21
Q

adverse effects: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Hyperkalemia; lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps
  • androgen effects; hirsutism, gynecomastia, deepening of the voice, irregular menses
22
Q

contraindications: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Allergy
  • hyperkalemia, renal disease, and anuria can be exacerbated by the effects of these drugs
  • routine use in pregnancy is NOT appropriate
23
Q

drug- drug interactions: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Diuretic effect decreases if combined with salicylates (aspirin) and dose adjustment may be necessary
24
Q

nursing considerations: Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Get baseline physical assessment
  • monitor I &O, assess voiding pattern
  • Assess weight daily; same scale, same time of day, same amount of clothes
  • Monitor electrolytes, renal, and liver functions
  • monitor cardiac response & cardiac rhythm
    -administer oral for early in the day
25
Q

children considerations

A
  • Used in children to treat edema associated w/ heart defects, renal impairment, or pulmonary disorders; to control BP
  • Because of the size and rapid metabolism of children effects may be rapid and adverse effects may occur suddenly
26
Q

adult considerations

A
  • Need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance
  • Encourage to maintain fluid intake
  • Need to complete daily weights at home
  • Encourage a potassium-rich or low-potassium diet as appropriate
  • Not for use while pregnant or breastfeeding
27
Q

older adult consideration

A
  • Older adults often have conditions that are treated with diuretics
  • More likely to have renal and hepatic impairment, which requires cautious use of these drugs
  • Start on the lowest possible dose and titrate slowly based on patient response and lab value
28
Q

furosemide class

A

loop diuretics

29
Q

hydrochlorothiazide class

A

thiazide diuretics

30
Q

spironolactone class

A

potassium-sparing diuretics

Pharmacology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions