Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro 2 psych > week 6 memory > Flashcards

week 6 memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

when is info better remembered

A

when it has meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

semantic encoding

A

words and their meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what did atkinson and shiffrin propose

A

msm of memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what did baddeley suggest

A

STM is not a unitary store - working memory model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of ltm

A

explicit and implicit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explicit ltm

A

memories you try to recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

implicit ltm

A

memories not part of the conscious - non-declarative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 types of explicit memories

A

episodic and semantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 types of implicit memory

A

procedural and emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

declarative memory

A

storage of facts and events we personally experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

engram

A

group of neurons that serve as physical representation of memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who suggested role of engram

A

karl lashley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what did lashley suggest about the brain

A

if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

main job of amygdala

A

regulate emotions eg fear and aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why does amygdala affect how memories are stored

A

storage is influenced by stress hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

role of hippocampus

A

spatial memory, projects information to cortical regions that give memory meaning and connect them with other memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of prefrontal cortex

A

remembering semantic memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 neurotransmitters involved in memory

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. dopamine
  3. serotonin
  4. glutamate
  5. acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is arousal theory by Christianson 1992

A

strong emotions trigger formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what did McGaugh 2003 suggest about memories and stress

A

when humans and animals are stressed, the brain secretes more of the neurotransmitter glutamate which helps remember the stressful event - flashbulb memory phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

flashbulb memory

A

exceptionally clear recollection of an emotional event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anterograde amnesia

A
  • caused by brain trauma
  • cannot remember new information but can remember information and events pre injury
  • hippocampus usually affected
  • suggests damage to brain results in inability to transfer info from STM to LTM - inability to consolidate memories
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

retrograde amnesia

A
  • loss of memories pre trauma
  • difficulty remembering episodic memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

suggestibility

A

describes the effects of misinformation from external sources leading to the creation of false memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 stages of memory

A
  1. acquisition
  2. retention
  3. retrieval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acquisition

A

process of attending to a stimulus and encoding into memory

27
Q

retention

A

preservation of stored material over an interval

28
Q

retrieval

A

process of getting info back for use

29
Q

Main difference between computer and human memory

A

computer memory is passive but not with humans

30
Q

what is iconic memory

A

sight

31
Q

how long is iconic memory

A

few hundred milliseconds

32
Q

what is echoic memory

A

about 4 seconds

33
Q

how can items be lost from stm

A

decay or displacement

34
Q

decay

A

with time, memory rusts

35
Q

displacement

A

new items enter and knock others out

36
Q

2 types of rehearsal

A

maintenance and elaborative

37
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

keep items active in stm

38
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

can transfer an item from stm to ltm

39
Q

what happens if rehearsal is not performed

A

lost after 20 seconds

40
Q

from the serial position curve, as delay increases…

A

recency effect disappears but primacy effect remains

41
Q

how does serial position curve support msmof memory

A

shows duration of stm is limited and if rehearsed, info Is transferred to ltm

42
Q

what does serial position suggest for lists

A

people generally remember first (primacy effect) and last (recency effect) items in list

43
Q

how to increase capacity of stm

A

chunking

44
Q

what does chess master experiments show

A

expertise matters for memory

45
Q

shallow processing

A

processing of superficial features, not good for memory

46
Q

deep processing

A

processing for meaning, better for memory

47
Q

summarise craik and tulving 1975 loP study

A

Have people study concrete nouns, but have them process them
during study in different ways: to process the case of the letters
in the word (shallow), the rhyme of the word (medium) or for
meaning of the word (deep).
Results (percent recalled):
case: 17%
rhyme: 37%
sentence: 65%

48
Q

semantic priming

A

if a word is processed
immediately preceding a second related word, the processing of
the second word is enhanced.

49
Q

trace

A

what is left behind in memory after an event has
occurred. Can be retrieved at any time after the event has occurred but can deteriorate with time. NOT ALTERED BY SCHEMA

50
Q

schema

A

set of expectations about the way the world works and it affects the info we attend to and remember

51
Q

who was the first memory theorist to develop notion of schema

A

Bartlett

52
Q
A
53
Q

what did Bartlett argue

A

schemas play a crucial role in memory

53
Q

what did remembering 1932 show

A

memory is constructive not reproductive, shema plays a key role eg filling in the gap so the story makes sense to them

54
Q

what were Bartletts findings

A

Transformations were in the direction of accepted conventional
representations (drawings become more “normal”)
* Features that could not be labeled were elaborated until a
recognised form was produced (i.e., weird bits are transformed
into something familiar - odd wing becomes a tail)
* Once a recognisable form is produced, simplification into
something more conventional (e.g., cat)
* Assignment of a name influences what is reproduced (“Portrait
d’homme” - “Portrait of a man”)
* Preservation of certain details once recognised form is achieved
(e.g., tail on cat)

55
Q

general conclusion from war of the ghosts study

A

people tended to leave out parts that were
unconventional, and fill in bits with information that was consistent with their viewpoint.
if memory is a passive
re-experiencing of the past, like putting a tape in a tape
player, it should not behave in this way

56
Q

what was Loftus and palmer 1974 study

A

showed ptsp videos of a car crash and asked how fast was the car going when it (smashed, collided,
bumped, hit, contacted) into the other car?, smashed had highest mph while contacted had lowest, then asked did you see any broken glass? ptsp that heard smashed reported more glass broken

57
Q

what did Loftus and palmers study indicate

A

post-event information (the phrasing of the question; “smashed
into” implies a much more serious accident than “hit”) alters
how the person’s schema and how the original event is
reconstructed

58
Q

illusory truth effect

A

repeated information tends to be believed more than novel info

59
Q

what was vellani et al 2023 study

A

– Compared people’s belief in and tendency to share repeated versus
novel statements
– Half the statements were true and half were false
– Two experiments:
* Experiment 1: Health related (mis)information
– “For better health, one needs to remove sugar entirely from one’s diet” (false)
* Experiment 2: General Knowledge (mis)information
– “The Cyclops is the legendary one-eyed giant in Greek mythology” (true)

60
Q

what was the results of vellani et al 2023 study

A

– People were more likely to both believe and share repeated information
– Happened with both true and false information
– Happened with both health-related (mis)information and general
knowledge (mis)information
– Tendency to share was caused by believing the (mis)information

61
Q

The superior ability of expert chess players to remember positions of pieces from an actual game underscores the:

A

advantages of chunking information

62
Q

is the trace approach active or passive

A

passive

63
Q

is the schema approach active or passive

A

active

intro 2 psych (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions