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intro 2 psych > week 11 clinical psychology > Flashcards

week 11 clinical psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what determines mental illness

A

maladaptive

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2
Q

maladaptive

A

impaired ability to function which causes distress to individual and/or others

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3
Q

diathesis stress

A

predisposition + exposure to stressor = mental illness

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4
Q

5 axes of DSM-IV-TR

A
  1. major clinical disorders
  2. personality disorder
  3. accompanying medical/physical conditions
  4. accompanying social/environmental factors
  5. general assessment of functioning
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5
Q

DSM-V change in axes

A

non-axial assessment - removal of first 3 axes

separate assessment for other 2
1. psychosocial and environmental factors
2. disability

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6
Q

pros of diagnoses

A
  • guides prognosis and treatment
  • way of objectively classifying abnormal behavior that might be seen as eg evil
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7
Q

cons of diagnoses

A
  • comorbidity
    -low reliability
  • categories vs dimensions
  • political and social influence eg homosexuality was seen as a mental illness
  • stigma eg how others view them now
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8
Q

which approach to mental health does DSM reflect

A

biased towards medical perspective

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9
Q

earlier treatment

A

trephining - hole in skull to release evil spirits

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10
Q

eclectic

A

using whatever treatment fits best

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11
Q

psychodynamic approach to mental illness

A

unconscious conflicts of competing demands of id, ego and superego.

originating from childhood - biological urges

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12
Q

psychodynamic treatment goal of therapy

A

bring unconscious conflicts into consciousness and resolve conflict through insight

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13
Q

traditional psychoanalysis

A

free association, dream analysis, interpretation of resistance, transference, memory and manner of speech

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14
Q

modern psychoanalysis

A

focus more on social and interpersonal experiences, present life and ego

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15
Q

problems with psychoanalysis

A

time, requires more dedication from patient, difficult to estimate effectiveness

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16
Q

humanistic approach to mental illness

A

people are good and have innate worth

psychological problems are blockage of growth

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17
Q

humanistic treatment to mental illness

A

client centered therapy - carl rogers

client decides what to talk about with no judgement, unconditional positive regard

make congruence = difference between patients real self and ideal self

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18
Q

pros of humanistic treatment to mental illness

A

effective

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19
Q

cons of humanistic treatment to mental illness

A

client statements of progress may be inflated through positive reinforcement - client is never challenged

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20
Q

behavioral and cognitive approach to mental illness

A

behavior Is controlled by environment, peoples cognitions and both

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21
Q

goal of behavioral and cognative therapy

A

change maladaptive behavior and thinking patterns

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22
Q

systematic desensitization

A
  1. create fear hierarchy and learn deep muscle relaxation technique
  2. engage in relaxation
  3. start at bottom and move up hiearchy
  4. if upset, return to previous level, keep referring to relaxed state
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23
Q

attribution retraining of CBT

A

clients asked to take a more scientific and rational approach to determine cause of behavior

24
Q

rational emotive therapy of CBT

A

directive, confrontational approach to change irrational beliefs

emotional consequence is caused by belief system NOT activating event

25
Q

electroconvulsive therapy - ECT

A

biological treatment

used short term for sever depression

right hemisphere only to minimize damage to verbal memories

26
Q

psychosurgery

A

brain surgery in absence of organic damage eg pre frontal lobotomy

27
Q

anxiety

A

apprehension accompanied by physiological reactions

28
Q

types of anxiety disorders

A

OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, phobia

29
Q

obsession from OCD

A

recurrent thoughts, excessive worries

30
Q

compulsion of OCD

A

the behavior

ritualized behaviors intended to reduce anxiety

31
Q

phobia

A

irrational fear of specific objects or situation

32
Q

somatoform disorders

A

symptoms suggest a medical condition but there is no evidence found by physician

33
Q

somatisation disorder

A

wide ranging physical ailments without biological basis

rare and usually in women

34
Q

conversion disorder

A

physical complaints that resemble neurological disorders without underlying organs causes

35
Q

dissociative disorders

A

anxiety is reduced by a disruption in consciousness so causes changes in ones sense of identity

36
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

memory loss thats more sever than normal forgetting and can’t be explained by a medical condition

may be linked to trauma

37
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

specific form of dissociative amnesia where person deliberately leaves home and starts new life elsewhere

38
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

2 or more separate personalities in the same individual

39
Q

personality disorders

A
  • enduring inflexible behavior patterns
  • respond inappropriately but unaware of problems
  • differs from social expectations
  • impaired functioning
40
Q

cluster A personality disorder

A

eccentric

paranoid, Schizotypal and schizoid

41
Q

cluster B personality disorder

A

dramatic

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

42
Q

cluster C personality disorder

A

anxious

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-complusive

43
Q

positive symptoms of SZ

A

delusions, hallucinations, irrational thinking, disorganized speech, catatonic behaviors

44
Q

negative symptoms of SZ

A

emotional flatness, apathy (hygiene), alogia (difficulty speaking), withdrawal from others

45
Q

cognitive symptoms of SZ

A

difficulty with concentration and memory

46
Q

subtypes of SZ

A

paranoid = delusions of grandeur/persecutions

disorganized = disturbed thought, verbally incoherent and inappropriate affect eg laughing at sad news

catatonic = psychomotor disturbances eg catatonic posture

undifferentiated = meet diagnostic criteria but don’t conform to any subtype

47
Q

mood disorders

A

psychological disorder of emotion, elevation or lowering of mood

48
Q

mania

A
  • inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
  • decreased need for sleep
  • talkative
  • flight of ideas and racing thoughts
  • distractible
  • excessive pleasurable activities with high risk
49
Q

emotional symptoms depression

A

sad mood, loss of pleasure

50
Q

cognitive symptoms depression

A

negative self-concept, self esteem, suicidal

51
Q

motivational symptoms depression

A

change in activity, passivity, desire to withdraw from others

52
Q

somatic symptoms depression

A

lack of sleep, appetite, sexual desire

53
Q

bipolar

A

alternating episodes of mania and depression

54
Q

treatment of bipolar

A

lithium to stabilise mood

55
Q

During psychoanalysis, the client will attempt to prevent further insight into his or her unconscious motivations and desires because such insight is psychologically distressing. Freud called this process

A

resistance

intro 2 psych (9 decks)

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