week 11 clinical psychology

Question 1

what determines mental illness

Answer 1

maladaptive

Question 2

maladaptive

Answer 2

impaired ability to function which causes distress to individual and/or others

Question 3

diathesis stress

Answer 3

predisposition + exposure to stressor = mental illness

Question 4

5 axes of DSM-IV-TR

Answer 4

1. major clinical disorders
2. personality disorder
3. accompanying medical/physical conditions
4. accompanying social/environmental factors
5. general assessment of functioning

Question 5

DSM-V change in axes

Answer 5

non-axial assessment - removal of first 3 axes

separate assessment for other 2
1. psychosocial and environmental factors
2. disability

Question 6

pros of diagnoses

Answer 6

• guides prognosis and treatment
• way of objectively classifying abnormal behavior that might be seen as eg evil

Question 7

cons of diagnoses

Answer 7

• comorbidity
  -low reliability
• categories vs dimensions
• political and social influence eg homosexuality was seen as a mental illness
• stigma eg how others view them now

Question 8

which approach to mental health does DSM reflect

Answer 8

biased towards medical perspective

Question 9

earlier treatment

Answer 9

trephining - hole in skull to release evil spirits

Question 10

eclectic

Answer 10

using whatever treatment fits best

Question 11

psychodynamic approach to mental illness

Answer 11

unconscious conflicts of competing demands of id, ego and superego.

originating from childhood - biological urges

Question 12

psychodynamic treatment goal of therapy

Answer 12

bring unconscious conflicts into consciousness and resolve conflict through insight

Question 13

traditional psychoanalysis

Answer 13

free association, dream analysis, interpretation of resistance, transference, memory and manner of speech

Question 14

modern psychoanalysis

Answer 14

focus more on social and interpersonal experiences, present life and ego

Question 15

problems with psychoanalysis

Answer 15

time, requires more dedication from patient, difficult to estimate effectiveness

Question 16

humanistic approach to mental illness

Answer 16

people are good and have innate worth

psychological problems are blockage of growth

Question 17

humanistic treatment to mental illness

Answer 17

client centered therapy - carl rogers

client decides what to talk about with no judgement, unconditional positive regard

make congruence = difference between patients real self and ideal self

Question 18

pros of humanistic treatment to mental illness

Answer 18

effective

Question 19

cons of humanistic treatment to mental illness

Answer 19

client statements of progress may be inflated through positive reinforcement - client is never challenged

Question 20

behavioral and cognitive approach to mental illness

Answer 20

behavior Is controlled by environment, peoples cognitions and both

Question 21

goal of behavioral and cognative therapy

Answer 21

change maladaptive behavior and thinking patterns

Question 22

systematic desensitization

Answer 22

1. create fear hierarchy and learn deep muscle relaxation technique
2. engage in relaxation
3. start at bottom and move up hiearchy
4. if upset, return to previous level, keep referring to relaxed state

Question 23

attribution retraining of CBT

Answer 23

clients asked to take a more scientific and rational approach to determine cause of behavior

Question 24

rational emotive therapy of CBT

Answer 24

directive, confrontational approach to change irrational beliefs

emotional consequence is caused by belief system NOT activating event

Question 25

electroconvulsive therapy - ECT

Answer 25

biological treatment used short term for sever depression right hemisphere only to minimize damage to verbal memories

Question 26

psychosurgery

Answer 26

brain surgery in absence of organic damage eg pre frontal lobotomy

Question 27

anxiety

Answer 27

apprehension accompanied by physiological reactions

Question 28

types of anxiety disorders

Answer 28

OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, phobia

Question 29

obsession from OCD

Answer 29

recurrent thoughts, excessive worries

Question 30

compulsion of OCD

Answer 30

the behavior ritualized behaviors intended to reduce anxiety

Question 31

phobia

Answer 31

irrational fear of specific objects or situation

Question 32

somatoform disorders

Answer 32

symptoms suggest a medical condition but there is no evidence found by physician

Question 33

somatisation disorder

Answer 33

wide ranging physical ailments without biological basis rare and usually in women

Question 34

conversion disorder

Answer 34

physical complaints that resemble neurological disorders without underlying organs causes

Question 35

dissociative disorders

Answer 35

anxiety is reduced by a disruption in consciousness so causes changes in ones sense of identity

Question 36

dissociative amnesia

Answer 36

memory loss thats more sever than normal forgetting and can't be explained by a medical condition may be linked to trauma

Question 37

Dissociative fugue

Answer 37

specific form of dissociative amnesia where person deliberately leaves home and starts new life elsewhere

Question 38

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 38

2 or more separate personalities in the same individual

Question 39

personality disorders

Answer 39

- enduring inflexible behavior patterns - respond inappropriately but unaware of problems - differs from social expectations - impaired functioning

Question 40

cluster A personality disorder

Answer 40

eccentric paranoid, Schizotypal and schizoid

Question 41

cluster B personality disorder

Answer 41

dramatic antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 42

cluster C personality disorder

Answer 42

anxious avoidant, dependent, obsessive-complusive

Question 43

positive symptoms of SZ

Answer 43

delusions, hallucinations, irrational thinking, disorganized speech, catatonic behaviors

Question 44

negative symptoms of SZ

Answer 44

emotional flatness, apathy (hygiene), alogia (difficulty speaking), withdrawal from others

Question 45

cognitive symptoms of SZ

Answer 45

difficulty with concentration and memory

Question 46

subtypes of SZ

Answer 46

paranoid = delusions of grandeur/persecutions disorganized = disturbed thought, verbally incoherent and inappropriate affect eg laughing at sad news catatonic = psychomotor disturbances eg catatonic posture undifferentiated = meet diagnostic criteria but don't conform to any subtype

Question 47

mood disorders

Answer 47

psychological disorder of emotion, elevation or lowering of mood

Question 48

mania

Answer 48

- inflated self-esteem or grandiosity - decreased need for sleep - talkative - flight of ideas and racing thoughts - distractible - excessive pleasurable activities with high risk

Question 49

emotional symptoms depression

Answer 49

sad mood, loss of pleasure

Question 50

cognitive symptoms depression

Answer 50

negative self-concept, self esteem, suicidal

Question 51

motivational symptoms depression

Answer 51

change in activity, passivity, desire to withdraw from others

Question 52

somatic symptoms depression

Answer 52

lack of sleep, appetite, sexual desire

Question 53

bipolar

Answer 53

alternating episodes of mania and depression

Question 54

treatment of bipolar

Answer 54

lithium to stabilise mood

Question 55

During psychoanalysis, the client will attempt to prevent further insight into his or her unconscious motivations and desires because such insight is psychologically distressing. Freud called this process

Answer 55

resistance