Week 6 (literature)

Question 1

Which reason for the conclusions being different between researches is NOT decribed in the paper?

• Research method
• Level of difference in crucial factors
• land use and transport do correlate to each other but more research is needed
• Geographical scale:
  o definitions or indicators for density differ between studies
  o size of the area at which forms of mixed use or densities occur matters
  o several scales can be distinguished
• time horizon: how much time has passed since changes took place.
• Differences between countries: what people consider compact will differ between regions and countries

Answer 1

land use and transport do correlate to each other but more research is needed

Question 1

In H5 The transport system and transport policy two different scenario’s are described. explain them.

Answer 1

Scenario A: All shops, schools, and services are centralized in the town center.

Scenario B: Some shops, schools, and services are distributed throughout all neighborhoods.

Question 2

When 1… planning is directed at intensification, while 2… planning is directed at speeding up and extending networks this leads to …

Answer 2

1. Land use
2. transportation planning
3. Land use sprawl

Question 3

What causes the implementation gap?

Answer 3

inconsistencies and contradictions in the planning process, particularly in defining policy aims and defining actions/instruments.

Question 4

What would overcoming the implementation gap require?

Answer 4

More integrated accessibility planning

Question 5

What could help closing the implementation gap?

Answer 5

adressing institutional barriers and improving coordination between different levels of the government

Question 6

Research has shown that there are four parameters of the sustainable city. What are they?

Answer 6

Empirical research parameters of the sustainable city:
* Over 25k population
* Medium densities
* Mixed use developments
* Preference to developments in public transport accessible corridors and near to highly public transport accessible interchanges.

Question 7

In the article there are two dillema’s defined. Which one of the following are the dillema’s? You can pick two answers, since there are two dilemmas.

1 travel is a derived demand vs valued activity

2 travel is a derived demand vs speed up traffic

3 slow traffic down vs travel is a derived demand

4 speed up traffic vs slowing it down

Answer 7

1 and 4

Question 8

Explain a few differences between the conventional approach in transport planning and the ‘alternative approach’ of sustainable mobility.

Answer 8

Physical vs social dimension
mobility vs accessibility
traffic focus vs people focus
car vs on foot
Large in scale vs Local scale
demand based vs management based
travel is a derived demand vs activity that people want to undertake.

Question 9

What is the sustainable mobility paradigm?

Answer 9

A new approach to transport planning that takes into account the broader social and environmental impacts of transportation.

Question 10

The article outlines four key principles of the sustainable mobility paradigm. Explain each one of them

Answer 10

Making the best use of technology: investing in technology in transport modes, information systems and the transport system itself

Regulation and pricing: external costs should be reflected in the actual costs of travel through some form of road pricing.

Land use/spatial planning: integrating land use and transport planning to create sustainable and livable communities

Participation and involvement: integrating the public and stakeholders in the transport planning process.

Question 11

In ‘Design Principles for Policy Mixes Cohesion and Coherence in New Governance Arrangements’ a framework is proposed to identify/assess the instruments used in policy mixes. explain the framework.

Answer 11

1. Inventorying the instruments in a policy mix: This involves identifying and listing all the policy instruments used in a policy mix.
2. Assessing the effectiveness of each instrument: This involves evaluating the effectiveness of each policy instrument in achieving policy goals.
3. Identifying the interactions between instruments: This involves examining how the different policy instruments in a policy mix interact with each other and how they reinforce or undermine each other’s effectiveness.
4. Assessing the overall effectiveness of the policy mix: This involves evaluating the overall effectiveness of the policy mix in achieving policy goals, taking into account the interactions between the different policy instruments.

By following this framework, policymakers can gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different policy instruments and how they can be combined to achieve policy goals. This can help in designing more effective policy mixes that are cohesive and coherent, and that can deliver better outcomes for society.